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IMF warns on external borrowing for consumption

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By Omoh Gabriel

The International Monetary Fund IMF has warned Countries in the West African region including Nigeria to use the money borrowed from external sources on projects that will enable them recover the cost and pay back such debt.

Answering reporters question at the ongoing IMF/World Bank Group Meeting in Washington, the IMF Deputy Director Fiscal Affairs Department Mr Sanjeev Gupta said “What we have noticed in many countries, is that increases in borrowing has not necessarily been accompanied by higher spending on infrastructure on the capital side, but has been accompanied by increase in spending on the current side. So that has an impact on the ability to pay this debt.

“So, that is one of the aspects of borrowing from abroad. Essentially one of the points which the fiscal monitor makes is that there is a need to improve the fiscal governance related to external borrowing in a number of countries, which means there should be allocation of resources, there should be efficient use of resources that are borrowed, so that the countries are able to grow, which is the purpose of that borrowing and repay those funds”.

Nigeria it will be recalled has been borrowing from the international capital market in recent time. Nigeria has floated a $1 billion Eurobond, it has borrowed another $1billion to prosecute the war against Boko Haram.

The federal budget despite these borrowing has been 75 percent recurrent, with capital taking just 25 per cent.

The borrowing spree has also open the gate for Nigerian banks to raise funds from the international capital market.

According to the Guardian from March 2013 to June 2014, Nigeria external public debt jumped by 40 per cent from $6.7 billion to $9.38 billion while domestic public debt increased by 37 per cent from N6.5 trillion to N8.9 trillion. The combined external and domestic debt as a proportion of the rebased GDP is about 12.51 per cent. The private sector has responded with great enthusiasm. Since 2009, 23 Nigerian companies have issued bonds to raise N223 billion domestically. DMO in statement indicated that Nigerian firms had so far raised over $30 billion from the international market to expand their operations. Remarkably, the ratio of the issued external bonds or debts to domestic bonds raised by the private sector is 24:1. That ratio throws in a caveat: Nigeria’s experience drives home the fact that the private sector’s external debts translate into external national debt. The country’s previous problematic external debt arose largely from non-repayment by Nigerian companies for genuine and trumped-up commercial transactions with foreign firms. But the eventual repayment of the debts was exacted Shylock-like by governments of the home countries of the foreign firms under the erstwhile London and Paris clubs of not creditor firms but creditor countries.

The known external national debt stands at $39.38 billion (that is N6.3 trillion). Also domestic bonds issued by private sector companies contribute to the national debt burden until they are redeemed. Without splitting hairs, the take-over of bank toxic assets (which were not even bonds) by the Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria, (AMCON) is enough proof. Thus AMCON’s N5.7 trillion bonds plus the earlier noted private sector domestic bonds together with the DMO’s public sector domestic debt put the inferable domestic component of NDB at N14.8 trillion. The resultant combined external and domestic debt figure of N21.1 trillion represents 26.38 per cent of the rebased 2013 GDP thereby overshooting the recommended national debt threshold. Even then, that high debt ratio is but a subtotal of the NDB under which the economy labours..

According to a world bank report, “Aid and reform in Africa” published in 2001,Nigeria’s first jumbo loan was taken in 1978 by the then military regime, it was a $1 billion facility secured for infrastructural projects after oil prices experienced a drastic fall. The affair with the lenders remained sweet as the civilian government that took over in 1980 took heavier loans in the early 80s.The economy was yet to become parlous and we still appeared,  on the surface, to be a healthy nation.

When the military took over the government in the mid 80s,other jumbo loans were being taken, the country’s affairs with its lenders had began to go sour. The economy had fallen sick and Nigeria had become a notorious, defaulting debtor. Friendly lenders then became masters, demanding a say in policy formulation and planning.

The resultant debt portfolio left the country with two tragedies. On one hand, most of the projects, which the loans were allegedly secured for were not completed, some were not even started at all},thus depriving the citizens of the expected utilities. On the other hand, the loan drive left the country with a huge debt profile with interests that made the country to spend huge amounts of money servicing for years. Ever since the debt relief deal, major financial institutions, such as the World bank and the IMF, have raised alarms that African countries, whose debts were recently cancelled, have resorted to a fresh borrowing spree. That warning is being directed at Africa is not sign of discrimination. Of the 38 World bank-designated highly indebted countries, 32 are in Africa.

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FG earned N2.78trn from Company Income Tax in second quarter 2025—NBS

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National Bureau of Statistics has said that Nigeria’s Company Income Tax rose sharply in the second quarter of 2025, hitting N2.78 trillion.

The figure represents a significant 40.27 per cent increase compared to the N1.98 trillion recorded in the first quarter of the year, reflecting both improved tax compliance and stronger corporate performance across key economic sectors.

The NBS report said that domestic company income tax payments accounted for the bulk of the revenue, contributing N2.31 trillion, while offshore collections stood at N469.36 billion during the period under review.

According to the NBS, the financial and insurance sector recorded the highest quarter-on-quarter growth, rising by an astonishing 772.29 per cent, driven by improved profitability among banks, fintechs, and insurance firms following robust half-year earnings.

This, according to NBS, was followed by wholesale and retail trade, as well as motor vehicle repair activities, which grew by 538.38%.

Activities of households as employers also surged by 526.79%, although their overall contribution to total company income tax remained negligible.

On the flip side, some sectors experienced sharp declines in company income tax remittances.

Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies dropped by –45.01%, while education, public administration, defence, and compulsory social security recorded declines of –26.61% and –18.17% respectively.

The contraction in these sectors, particularly education and public administration, highlights persistent structural and fiscal challenges confronting government-funded institutions.

In terms of contribution to total tax revenue, financial and insurance activities led with a dominant 44.13%, reflecting the sector’s continuing expansion and strong capital flows.

Manufacturing followed with 15.57%, bolstered by increased production output and improved supply chain activity.

Mining and quarrying ranked third, contributing 9.18%, supported by higher commodity prices and renewed interest in solid mineral development.

At the bottom of the contribution chart were activities of households as employers, which accounted for just 0.01%, as well as activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies, and water supply, sewerage, waste management, and remediation services, each contributing 0.04%. Despite economic headwinds, year-on-year company income tax collection still rose by 12.66% when compared to Q2 2024, underscoring moderate but steady improvement in government revenue mobilisation.

Company income tax collection in the same period of 2024 rose by 150.83 per cent N2.47 trillion. In the first three months of the year, company income tax collection stood at N984.61 billion. According to the report, local payments in the period under review amounted to N1.35 trillion, while foreign CIT payments contributed N1.12 trillion. On a quarter-on-quarter basis, the agriculture, forestry, and fishing sectors exhibited the highest growth rate at 474.50%, followed by financial and insurance activities at 429.76%, and manufacturing at 414.15%.

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Lagos govt promises MSMEs continued visibility, market access

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Lagos State government has reaffirmed its unwavering commitment to supporting micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) across the state through visibility, capacity building, and market access. Commissioner for Commerce, Cooperatives, Trade, and Investment, Folashade Ambrose-Medebem, made the pledge on Sunday at the closing ceremony of the 2025 Lagos International Trade Fair (LITF). The 38th edition of the event, organised by the Lagos Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LCCI), had its theme as “Connecting Business, Creating Value.”

Ms Ambrose-Medebem said every entrepreneur, regardless of scale, deserves an enabling environment to thrive and contribute meaningfully to the state’s economic prosperity. She said the state, through strategic investments in infrastructure, institutional reforms, and continuous engagement with the private sector, was building a Lagos that worked for business. The commissioner added that the state would continue to foster innovation, competitiveness, and sustainability.

“As a government, we remain steadfast in our commitment to making Lagos the preferred destination for commerce and enterprise. This fair has once again demonstrated the power of connection: connection between producers and consumers, investors and innovators, the government and the private sector, and local entrepreneurs and global brands. Every handshake, every conversation, every business card exchanged here is a building block toward the future we are creating, a future of prosperity that leaves no one behind,” she said.

The commissioner urged businesses to continue to connect, collaborate, and create value, saying, “In Lagos, we do not just trade goods; we trade ideas, build futures, and transform lives. “Together, let us continue to make Lagos not just a place of commerce, but a symbol of progress, innovation, and endless opportunity.” Gabriel Idahosa, president of LCCI, urged governments at all levels to continue addressing the issues of creating an enabling environment in the country.Mr Idahosa said focus should be on infrastructure, security, and implementing the right policies to address the key drivers of high inflation.

This, he said, was needed to fully harness the vast enterprising resources of domestic and foreign investors for the diversification of our economy and the welfare of our people. He pledged the commitment of the organised private sector to stand solidly behind the state in its quest to actualise its innovative initiatives on all fronts. NAN

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Jumia posts $17.7m pre-tax loss in Q3, down 1% in 12 Months

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Jumia Technologies AG posts a $17.7 million loss before income tax in the third quarter of 2025, down 1% year-on-year from $17.8 million in the third quarter of 2024. The road to profitability has remained long as ecommerce continues to face uncertainties, including widening competition with rivals in the same industry. The e-commerce company revenue came in at $45.6 million compared to $36.4 million in the third quarter of 2024, representing a 25% year-over-year surge in the period. The company reported gross merchandise value of $197.2 million compared to $162.9 million in the third quarter of 2024, up 21% year-over-year. Excluding South Africa and Tunisia, physical goods GMV grew 26% year-over-year, Jumia revealed in the unaudited financials.

Jumia said in its report that the GMV growth was driven by supply and strong marketing execution, partially offset by lower corporate sales in Egypt. Excluding corporate sales, GMV in reported currency grew 37% year-over-year. Nigeria’s momentum accelerated, with order growth up 30% and GMV up 43% year-over-year, Jumia said. The e-commerce giant’s operating loss reduced by 13% year-over-year to $17.4 million compared to $20.1 million in the third quarter of 2024. The company’s adjusted earnings before interest tax depreciation and amortisation loss dropped by 17% to $14.0 million compared to $17.0 million in the third quarter of 2024.

Jumia reported a loss before income tax of $17.7 million, a slight reduction of 1% compared to $17.8 million in the third quarter of 2024. Liquidity printed at $82.5 million, a decrease of $15.8 million in the third quarter of 2025, compared to an increase of $71.8 million in the third quarter of 2024, which included the net proceeds from the August 2024 At-the-Market (ATM) offering, and a decrease of $12.4 million in the second quarter of 2025.

Its net cash flow used in operating activities settled at $12.4 million compared to net cash flow used in operating activities of $26.8 million in the third quarter of 2024 and $12.7 million used in the second quarter of 2025. The result includes a positive working capital contribution of $0.4 million.

Jumia reported that customers’ orders grew 34% year-over-year, driven by strong execution, enhanced product assortment, and healthy consumer demand across key categories. It said quarterly active customers ordering physical goods grew by 23% year-over-year, highlighting continued engagement and customer loyalty. As of September 30, 2025, the Company’s liquidity position was $82.5 million, comprised of $81.5 million in cash and cash equivalents and $1.0 million in term deposits and other financial assets, it said in the report Jumia’s liquidity position decreased by $15.8 million in the third quarter of 2025, compared to an increase of $71.8 million in the third quarter of 2024, which included net proceeds from the August 2024 At-the-Market (ATM) offering, and a decrease of $12.4 million in the second quarter of 2025.

Net cash used in operating activities was $12.4 million in the third quarter of 2025, compared to a net cash used of $26.8 million in the third quarter of 2024 and $12.7 million used in the second quarter of 2025. The result includes a positive working capital contribution of $0.4 million in the third quarter of 2025, compared to a negative working capital contribution of $9.1 million in the third quarter of 2024, primarily reflecting improvements in operating performance.

 In addition, the Company reported $1.4 million in capital expenditures in the third quarter of 2025, compared to $0.9 million in the third quarter of 2024, primarily reflecting investments in infrastructure and facility enhancements to support business growth. “This quarter marks a significant acceleration in customer demand and order growth, driven by strong execution across our markets and growing consumer trust in the Jumia brand. We believe Jumia has reached an inflection point as our compelling value proposition, and improved operational discipline position us for sustainable, profitable growth.

“We continue to strengthen our cost structure and sharpen operational discipline, reinforcing our path toward profitability. Our focus remains on execution and customer engagement as we build a more efficient business.
“We believe that we are on track to reach breakeven on a Loss before Income tax basis in Q4 2026 and achieve full-year profitability in 2027, positioning Jumia for long-term growth and value creation.”

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