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Banks earned N1.695trn from foreign subsidiaries in 2024 

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In 2024, five Nigerian banks generated a combined N1.695 trillion in pre-tax profit from their foreign subsidiaries, which accounted for 33.5% of their combined group profit of N5.060 trillion. Despite this strong contribution, Nigerian operations continue to account for the bulk of group earnings. Overall, the groups posted strong performance in 2024, buoyed by policy-induced macroeconomic shifts such as elevated interest rates and devaluation of the Naira. These conditions spurred foreign exchange gains and boosted interest income from loans, advances, and investments in Treasury Bills and bonds. First Holdco, UBA, GTCO, Access Holdings, and Zenith Bank saw their gross earnings rise by 82% YoY, reaching N17.397 trillion in 2024 from N9.55 trillion in 2023. This strong top-line growth translated into a 56% YoY rise in pre-tax profit, reaching N5.060 trillion. Zenith Bank generated N187 billion in pre-tax profit from its four foreign subsidiaries in Ghana, Sierra Leone, Gambia, and the UK in 2024. This represents about 14% of the Group’s reported pre-tax profit of N1.327 trillion, down from a 16.5% contribution in 2023.
While this ranked it fourth among peers, it reflects a relatively strong performance considering its fewer offshore units. Zenith Bank UK led the pack with N84.1 billion in pre-tax profit, up 71.27% YoY, followed closely by Zenith Bank Ghana with N82 billion, also up from N75 billion in 2023.
Despite this, Zenith’s Nigerian operations remain dominant, contributing N1.133 trillion out of group’s N1.33 trillion pre-tax profit, representing over 84% contribution. For First Holdco Plc, the parent company of First Bank of Nigeria, has six subsidiaries across Africa and one in the United Kingdom. The bank also maintains representative offices in China and France, underlining its strategic global presence. In its 2024 results presentation, the group disclosed that its foreign subsidiaries contributed 27.5% of its total pre-tax profit of N796.47 billion. This translates to a significant N219.03 billion pre-tax profit generated from international operations. While First Holdco did not provide a detailed breakdown of these earnings, the figure highlights the substantial impact of its cross-border operations on overall performance. GTCO’s foreign subsidiaries on the other hand recorded N273 billion in pre-tax profit in 2024, up 109% from N130.66 billion in 2023. This puts the offshore contribution at 21.57%, almost unchanged from the 21.44% recorded in 2023. The group operates in eight countries: Ghana, Liberia, Kenya, Tanzania, Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Sierra Leone, and the UK.
GT Bank Ghana led the group with N118.96 billion, up 81% YoY. All subsidiaries were profitable except GT Bank Tanzania, which posted a pre-tax loss of N1.1 billion, up from N26 million in 2023. Foreign subsidiaries contributed N273 billion to GTCO Group’s N1.266 trillion pre-tax profit in 2024, while GTCO Nigeria accounted for N1.003 trillion. In addition, the Group’s non-banking businesses including Habari Pay Ltd, Asset Management, and Pension Fund operations saw their combined contribution rise significantly to N14.59 billion in 2024, up from N5.96 billion in 2023. Despite the growth in foreign and non-banking contributions, GTCO Nigeria still accounts for over 79% of the Group’s total profit, underscoring its dominant role in overall performance.
In the same vein, Access Holdings’ 15 offshore subsidiaries generated N459.99 billion in pre-tax profit in 2024, representing a 131% year-on-year (YoY) increase. This accounted for 53% of the Group’s adjusted pre-tax profit of N867.02 billion, a significant rise from the 27.32% contribution in 2023. The standout performer was Access Bank UK, contributing N259.1 billion, more than half of the total. However, the group also recorded losses from three subsidiaries South Africa, Mozambique, and Kenya. On the revenue side, Access Holdings recorded N4.878 trillion in gross earnings for 2024, with its foreign operations contributing N1.1 trillion, highlighting the growing significance of its international footprint.
UBA, with operations in 20 African countries and the UK, led its peers in 2024 by generating N556.36 billion in pre-tax profit from its foreign operations. This accounted for 69.22% of the group’s adjusted pre-tax profit of N803.73 billion, following group-level eliminations and consolidations. The 2024 contribution marks a significant jump from 29.69% in 2023, highlighting the growing strength of UBA’s offshore operations Notably, this figure exceeds the N486.53 billion generated by UBA Nigeria meaning the subsidiaries outperformed the domestic arm.
Among the subsidiaries, UBA Cameroon (N96.63 billion) and UBA Côte d’Ivoire (N57.24 billion) led profit contributions. Only UBA Kenya and UBA Tanzania posted pre-tax losses. Impairment losses across UBA’s foreign subsidiaries declined 64.27% YoY to about N53 billion, with UBA Ghana accounting for the highest impairment at N24 billion. Meanwhile, operating revenue of the foreign subsidiaries rose 106% YoY to N1.577 trillion.
Insight 
The growing profitability of foreign subsidiaries highlights the success of Nigerian banks’ regional expansion strategies. These offshore operations provide vital revenue diversification and a hedge against domestic volatility.

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Afreximbank successfully closed its second Samurai Bond transactions, raising JPY 81.8bn or $527m

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African Export-Import Bank said it has successfully closed its second Samurai bond transaction, securing a total of JPY 81.8 billion (approx. USD 527 million) through Regular and Retail Samurai Bonds offerings.

The execution surpasses the Bank’s 2024 debut issuance size, attracting orders from more than 100 institutional and retail investors, marking a renewed demonstration of strong Japanese investor confidence in the Bank’s credit and its growing presence in the yen capital markets.

On 18 November, Afreximbank priced a JPY 45.8 billion 3-year tranche in the Regular Samurai market following a comprehensive sequence of investor engagement activities leveraging Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD9), including Non-Deal Roadshows (NDRs) in Tokyo, Kanazawa, Kyoto, Shiga and Osaka, a Global Investor Call, and a two-day soft-sounding process which tested investor appetite across 2.5-, 3-, 5-, 7-, and 10-year maturities.

With market expectations of a Bank of Japan interest rate increase, investor demand concentrated in shorter tenors, resulting in a focused 3-year tranche during official marketing.

The tranche attracted strong participation from asset managers (22.3%), life insurers (15.3%), regional corporates, and high-net-worth investors (39.7%).

Concurrently, Afreximbank priced its second Retail Samurai bond on 18 November, a JPY 36.0 billion 3-year tranche, more than double the inaugural JPY 14.1 billion Retail Samurai issuance completed in November 2024.

The 2025 Retail Samurai bond also marks the first Retail Samurai bond issued in Japan in 2025.

Following the amendment to Afreximbank’s shelf registration on 7 November 2025, SMBC Nikko conducted an extensive seven-business-day demand survey through its nationwide branch network, followed by a six-business-day bond offering period.

The offering benefited from strong visibility supported by Afreximbank’s investor engagement across the country, including the Bank’s participation at TICAD9, where Afreximbank hosted the Africa Finance Seminar to introduce Multinational Development Bank’s mandate in Africa and its credit profile to key Japanese institutional investors.

MBC Nikko Securities Inc. acted as Sole Lead Manager and Bookrunner for both the Regular and Retail Samurai transactions. Chandi Mwenebungu, Afreximbank’s Managing Director, Treasury & Markets and Group Treasurer, commented:

“We are pleased with the successful completion of our second Samurai bond transactions, which marked a significant increase from our inaugural Retail Samurai bond in 2024, and which reflect the growing depth of our relationship with Japanese investors.

The strong demand, both in the Regular and Retail offerings, demonstrates sustained confidence in Afreximbank’s credit and mandate.

We remain committed to deepening our engagement in the Samurai market through regular investor activities and continued collaboration with our Japanese partners.”

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Ecobank unveils SME bazaar: a festive marketplace for local entrepreneurs

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Ecobank Nigeria, a member of Africa’s leading pan-African banking group, has announced the launch of the Ecobank SME Bazaar—a two-weekend festive marketplace designed to celebrate local creativity, empower entrepreneurs, and give Lagos residents a premium shopping experience this Detty December. The Bazaar will hold on 29–30 November and 6–7 December at the Ecobank Pan African Centre (EPAC), Ozumba Mbadiwe Road, Victoria Island, Lagos. Speaking ahead of the event, Omoboye Odu, Head of SMEs, Ecobank Nigeria, reaffirmed the bank’s commitment to supporting small and medium-sized businesses, describing them as the heartbeat of Nigeria’s economy. She explained that the Ecobank SME Bazaar was created to enhance visibility for entrepreneurs, expand market access, and support sustainable business growth.
According to her, “This isn’t just a market—it’s a vibrant hub of culture, commerce, and connection. From fresh farm produce to trendy fashion, handcrafted pieces, lifestyle products, and delicious food and drinks, the Ecobank SME Bazaar promises an unforgettable experience for both shoppers and participating SMEs. Whether you’re shopping for festive gifts, hunting for unique finds, or soaking in the Detty December energy, this is the place to be.” Ms. Odu added that participating businesses will enjoy increased brand exposure, deeper customer engagement, and meaningful networking opportunities—making the Bazaar a strong platform for both festive-season sales and long-term business growth. The event is powered by Ecobank in partnership with TKD Farms, Eko Marche, Leyyow, and other SME-focused organisations committed to building sustainable enterprises.

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16 banks have recapitalised before deadline—CBN

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The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has said that16 banks have so far met the new capital requirements for their various licences, some four months before the March 31, 2026 deadline. The apex bank also indicated that 27 other banks have raised capital through various methods in one of the most extensive financial sector reforms since 2004. Addressing journalists at the end of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting in Abuja, CBN Governor Mr Olayemi Cardoso said the banking recapitalisation was going on orderly, consistent with the regulator’s expectations. He said, “We are monitoring developments, and indications show the process is moving in the right direction.” Nigeria has 44 deposit-taking banks, including seven commercial banks with international authorisation, 15 with national authorisation, four with regional authorisation, four non-interest banks, six merchant banks, seven financial holding companies and one representative office.
Cardoso explained that eight commercial banks had met the N500 billion capital requirement as of July 22, 2024, rising to 14 by September of the same year. The number has now increased to 16 as the industry continues to race toward full compliance. He said that the reforms would reinforce the resilience of Nigerian banks both within the country and across the continent. “We are building a financial system that will be fit for purpose for the years ahead. Many Nigerian banks now operate across Africa and have been innovative across different markets. These new buffers will better equip them to manage risks in the multiple jurisdictions where they operate,” Cardoso said. According to him, the reforms would strengthen the financial sector’s capability to support households and businesses. He said, “Ultimately, this benefits Nigerians—our traders, our businesses and our citizens—who operate across those regions. “It should give everyone comfort to know that Nigerian banks with deep local understanding are present to support them. Commercial banks are also creating their own buffers through the ongoing recapitalisation.”
He added that the apex bank considered several factors in determining the new capital thresholds, including prevailing macroeconomic conditions, stress test results and the need for stronger risk buffers. He reassured on the regulator’s commitment to strict oversight as the consolidation progresses. “We will rigorously enforce our ‘fit and proper’ criteria for prospective new shareholders, senior management, and board members of banks, and proactively monitor the integrity of financial statements, adequacy of financial resources, and fair valuation of banks’ post-merger balance sheets,” Cardoso said. He said the CBN remained confident that the banking system would emerge stronger at the conclusion of the recapitalization exercise, with institutions better prepared to support Nigeria’s economic transformation Banks have up till March 31, 2026 to beef up their minimum capital base to the new standard set by the apex bank. Under the new minimum capital base, CBN uses a distinctive definition of the new minimum capital base for each category of banks as the addition of share capital and share premium, as against the previous use of shareholders’ funds.
While most banks have shareholders’ funds in excess of the new minimum capital base, their share premium and share capital significantly fall short of the new minimum definition. The CBN had in March 2024 released its circular on review of minimum capital requirement for commercial, merchant and non-interest banks. The apex bank increased the new minimum capital for commercial banks with international affiliations, otherwise known as mega banks, to N500 billion; commercial banks with national authorisation, N200 billion and commercial banks with regional license, N50 billion. Others included merchant banks, N50 billion; non-interest banks with national license, N20 billion and non-interest banks with regional license will now have N10 billion minimum capital. The 24-month timeline for compliance ends on March 31, 2026. Under the guidelines for the recapitalisation exercise, banks are expected to subject their new equity funds to capital verification before the clearance of the allotment proposal and release of the funds to the bank for onwards completion of the offer process and addition of the new capital to its capital base. The CBN is the final signatory in a tripartite capital verification committee that included the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC). The committee is saddled with scrutinising new funds being raised by banks under the ongoing banking sector recapitalisation exercise.

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