Finance
Global financial melt down no solution in sight, US investor loses $8.3trn, how safe is Nigeria foreign reserve.
By Omoh Gabriel
Investors in stocks the United States of America have lost a total of $8.3trillion since the financial crisis that is rocking the global market started data released by Wall Street has revealed. The US stock market lost $2.3 trillion in one week and $900billion on Thursday alone. The huge loss on Thursday plunge the global market into chaos and fear leading to massive sell out at Wall Street. The massive sell out has lead to panic in Europe and Asia where the stock markets lost huge value. The continued free fall of prices of shares in stock markets around the world has created fear of a deep global recession . As a result the President of the United States of America George W Bush is meeting with the Group of 7 industrialised countries, Global financial leaders, IMF and the World Bank on Saturday to discuss the way forward. Leaders are blaming the US for the financial mess.
The financial market in the US and Europe is now driven by fear and uncertainty as investors have lost confidence in Wall Street leadership ability to create wealth and value. Here in the US all the leading media are focussed on the financial meltdown and concern for the economy than the presidential election. Already the US stock market has lost 40 per cent of its value. Banks are not giving credit and housing value are going down the more. As banks and credit agencies are not lending, consumer spending is very low which may lead to job loses. The state of Viginia has announced that it is laying off 570 state workers due to budget constrains. In some Hotels cash payment is preferred and welcomed unlike in the past when credit card was the vouge.
At the Quincy Hotel a walking distance from the IMF/World Bank Headquarters a delegate to the IMF/World Bank 2008 Annual meetings got a shocker from an Hotel attendant when his credit card was refused and asked to make some payment in cash. He had only 150 euros on him. He pleaded to be accommodated until his colleague arrives from Europe with cash. Baffled by the enormity of the credit crunch the US government is considering buying ownership in banks to encourage them to start lending again. People here in the US are concerned about the value of the stock holdings, safety of their savings, retirement benefit pension and cash deposit in banks.
The federal government must be concerned in that the trend is pointing to global recession in which the prices of crude will fall and it is already being predicted that it will drop to $50 per barrel. This will bring about the situation in the early 1980s when the prices of crude oil fell to $10 and it was difficult for government to pay civil servants and essential commodities were hard to find.
Secondly the safety of the country’s foreign reserve in foreign banks that are now facing should financial stress should concern the authorities. Should any of the bank fails it will lead to a loss of the portion of the foreign reserve in their vaults. Also the entire Nigeria banking system depended of expertise from these foreign banks that have shown they are not as competent as they would make us believe. Many Nigeria bankers receive their tutorials from experts and banking practices enunciated from Europe and America financial system. If their system has run into problem then Nigeria should not expect anything less.
The International Monetary Fund on Thursday at the ongoing IMF/World Bank annual meetings warned that the world economy is experiencing a major down turn in the facew of the most dangerous financial shock in mature markets since the 1930s, and called for strong and cordinated actions to avoid worse-case scenerios. The IMF’s latest world economic outlook projects global growth to slow down substantially in the later part of 2008 before beginning a modest recovery in the second half of 2009.
According to the IMF growth in the advanced countries will be close to zero until at least the middle of 2009, while growth in emerging and developing countries will slow to substantially lower rates than in recent past. The World Economic Outlook projects global growth at around 3 per cent in 2009.
The report said “ The world economy has entered a major downturn after being hit by two very large shocks: a surge in oil and commodity prices and an expanding financial crisis. The financial crisis has clearly gotten worse, and no country will be fully immune from the effects on the real economy. It is too late to avoid a slow down, but strong and coordinated policies can avoid even the worse scenerios” the report said
Meanwhile the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has activated an emergency finance mechanism to help countries hit by the financial crisis. IMF chief Dominique Strauss-Kahn said the lending procedure would allow the IMF to react quickly to support countries facing funding problems.
The scheme, which was used during the Asian financial crisis in 1997, will help speed up approval of loans. The news came as US stocks sank to a five-year low.
On Wall Street, the Dow Jones ended down 7.3% – tumbling below 9,000 points for the first time since August 2003 and falling for a seventh consecutive session. Mr Strauss-Kahn said the world was “on the cusp of recession”, but could still recover.
The IMF has already sent a mission to Iceland, where the government has taken control of its three biggest banks.
Speaking ahead of meetings of the IMF and World Bank, Mr Strauss-Kahn urged countries to act “quickly, forcefully, and co-operatively” to solve the global economic problems.
A day after seven central banks around the world cut interest rates in an effort to calm financial markets, the IMF chief said further co-ordinated action was necessary. “All kinds of policy co-operation are to be commended,” he said.
But he issued a stark warning against countries acting unilaterally to fight the crisis, referring to recent isolated moves by certain European Union member countries.
“There is no domestic solution to a crisis like this one.” Finance ministers from the G7 group of wealthy nations are also meeting in Washington this weekend.
It has been yet another turbulent week on world financial markets. Thursday’s key developments include:
* The Dutch government is preparing 20bn euros ($27.4bn) in funding to support financial institutions in the Netherlands during credit crisis.
* US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson is considering capital injections into troubled US banks, a White House spokeswoman said
* The UK has condemned Iceland’s handling of the collapse of its banks and its failure to guarantee British savers’ deposits
* The oil producers cartel Opec will hold an emergency meeting in Vienna on 18 November to discuss the impact of the financial crisis on oil prices, which fell below $87 a barrel
Mr Strauss-Kahn said the events of the past few weeks were beginning to take their toll on emerging economies as credit lines were cut and as trade was being hit by slowing demand in Western economies.
He said the IMF was ready to assist any country in need of funding through its emergency aid mechanism, set up in 1995 to help Mexico stabilise its financial system after a crisis of confidence that led to sharp declines in the country’s currency.
The Philippines, Thailand, Korea and Indonesia also drew on the mechanism to access billions of dollars of loans after the eruption of the Asian financial crisis in 1997.
Separately, World Bank president Robert Zoellick warned against letting the “financial crisis become a human crisis”.
He said a drop in exports combined with higher credit costs will trigger business failures in the poorest economies and, in some cases, “bankrupt” countries.
Acknowledging there was no “silver bullet” to fix the global financial difficulties, he said it was up to the Group of Seven industrialised countries to work together to come up with a plan to solve it. “Countries will take different actions, customised to their circumstances, yet the actions need to target the same basic problems,” he said.
Finance
Afreximbank successfully closed its second Samurai Bond transactions, raising JPY 81.8bn or $527m
African Export-Import Bank said it has successfully closed its second Samurai bond transaction, securing a total of JPY 81.8 billion (approx. USD 527 million) through Regular and Retail Samurai Bonds offerings.
The execution surpasses the Bank’s 2024 debut issuance size, attracting orders from more than 100 institutional and retail investors, marking a renewed demonstration of strong Japanese investor confidence in the Bank’s credit and its growing presence in the yen capital markets.
On 18 November, Afreximbank priced a JPY 45.8 billion 3-year tranche in the Regular Samurai market following a comprehensive sequence of investor engagement activities leveraging Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD9), including Non-Deal Roadshows (NDRs) in Tokyo, Kanazawa, Kyoto, Shiga and Osaka, a Global Investor Call, and a two-day soft-sounding process which tested investor appetite across 2.5-, 3-, 5-, 7-, and 10-year maturities.
With market expectations of a Bank of Japan interest rate increase, investor demand concentrated in shorter tenors, resulting in a focused 3-year tranche during official marketing.
The tranche attracted strong participation from asset managers (22.3%), life insurers (15.3%), regional corporates, and high-net-worth investors (39.7%).
Concurrently, Afreximbank priced its second Retail Samurai bond on 18 November, a JPY 36.0 billion 3-year tranche, more than double the inaugural JPY 14.1 billion Retail Samurai issuance completed in November 2024.
The 2025 Retail Samurai bond also marks the first Retail Samurai bond issued in Japan in 2025.
Following the amendment to Afreximbank’s shelf registration on 7 November 2025, SMBC Nikko conducted an extensive seven-business-day demand survey through its nationwide branch network, followed by a six-business-day bond offering period.
The offering benefited from strong visibility supported by Afreximbank’s investor engagement across the country, including the Bank’s participation at TICAD9, where Afreximbank hosted the Africa Finance Seminar to introduce Multinational Development Bank’s mandate in Africa and its credit profile to key Japanese institutional investors.
MBC Nikko Securities Inc. acted as Sole Lead Manager and Bookrunner for both the Regular and Retail Samurai transactions. Chandi Mwenebungu, Afreximbank’s Managing Director, Treasury & Markets and Group Treasurer, commented:
“We are pleased with the successful completion of our second Samurai bond transactions, which marked a significant increase from our inaugural Retail Samurai bond in 2024, and which reflect the growing depth of our relationship with Japanese investors.
The strong demand, both in the Regular and Retail offerings, demonstrates sustained confidence in Afreximbank’s credit and mandate.
We remain committed to deepening our engagement in the Samurai market through regular investor activities and continued collaboration with our Japanese partners.”
Finance
Ecobank unveils SME bazaar: a festive marketplace for local entrepreneurs
Ecobank Nigeria, a member of Africa’s leading pan-African banking group, has announced the launch of the Ecobank SME Bazaar—a two-weekend festive marketplace designed to celebrate local creativity, empower entrepreneurs, and give Lagos residents a premium shopping experience this Detty December. The Bazaar will hold on 29–30 November and 6–7 December at the Ecobank Pan African Centre (EPAC), Ozumba Mbadiwe Road, Victoria Island, Lagos. Speaking ahead of the event, Omoboye Odu, Head of SMEs, Ecobank Nigeria, reaffirmed the bank’s commitment to supporting small and medium-sized businesses, describing them as the heartbeat of Nigeria’s economy. She explained that the Ecobank SME Bazaar was created to enhance visibility for entrepreneurs, expand market access, and support sustainable business growth.
According to her, “This isn’t just a market—it’s a vibrant hub of culture, commerce, and connection. From fresh farm produce to trendy fashion, handcrafted pieces, lifestyle products, and delicious food and drinks, the Ecobank SME Bazaar promises an unforgettable experience for both shoppers and participating SMEs. Whether you’re shopping for festive gifts, hunting for unique finds, or soaking in the Detty December energy, this is the place to be.” Ms. Odu added that participating businesses will enjoy increased brand exposure, deeper customer engagement, and meaningful networking opportunities—making the Bazaar a strong platform for both festive-season sales and long-term business growth. The event is powered by Ecobank in partnership with TKD Farms, Eko Marche, Leyyow, and other SME-focused organisations committed to building sustainable enterprises.
Finance
16 banks have recapitalised before deadline—CBN
The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has said that16 banks have so far met the new capital requirements for their various licences, some four months before the March 31, 2026 deadline. The apex bank also indicated that 27 other banks have raised capital through various methods in one of the most extensive financial sector reforms since 2004. Addressing journalists at the end of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting in Abuja, CBN Governor Mr Olayemi Cardoso said the banking recapitalisation was going on orderly, consistent with the regulator’s expectations. He said, “We are monitoring developments, and indications show the process is moving in the right direction.” Nigeria has 44 deposit-taking banks, including seven commercial banks with international authorisation, 15 with national authorisation, four with regional authorisation, four non-interest banks, six merchant banks, seven financial holding companies and one representative office.
Cardoso explained that eight commercial banks had met the N500 billion capital requirement as of July 22, 2024, rising to 14 by September of the same year. The number has now increased to 16 as the industry continues to race toward full compliance. He said that the reforms would reinforce the resilience of Nigerian banks both within the country and across the continent. “We are building a financial system that will be fit for purpose for the years ahead. Many Nigerian banks now operate across Africa and have been innovative across different markets. These new buffers will better equip them to manage risks in the multiple jurisdictions where they operate,” Cardoso said. According to him, the reforms would strengthen the financial sector’s capability to support households and businesses. He said, “Ultimately, this benefits Nigerians—our traders, our businesses and our citizens—who operate across those regions. “It should give everyone comfort to know that Nigerian banks with deep local understanding are present to support them. Commercial banks are also creating their own buffers through the ongoing recapitalisation.”
He added that the apex bank considered several factors in determining the new capital thresholds, including prevailing macroeconomic conditions, stress test results and the need for stronger risk buffers. He reassured on the regulator’s commitment to strict oversight as the consolidation progresses. “We will rigorously enforce our ‘fit and proper’ criteria for prospective new shareholders, senior management, and board members of banks, and proactively monitor the integrity of financial statements, adequacy of financial resources, and fair valuation of banks’ post-merger balance sheets,” Cardoso said. He said the CBN remained confident that the banking system would emerge stronger at the conclusion of the recapitalization exercise, with institutions better prepared to support Nigeria’s economic transformation Banks have up till March 31, 2026 to beef up their minimum capital base to the new standard set by the apex bank. Under the new minimum capital base, CBN uses a distinctive definition of the new minimum capital base for each category of banks as the addition of share capital and share premium, as against the previous use of shareholders’ funds.
While most banks have shareholders’ funds in excess of the new minimum capital base, their share premium and share capital significantly fall short of the new minimum definition. The CBN had in March 2024 released its circular on review of minimum capital requirement for commercial, merchant and non-interest banks. The apex bank increased the new minimum capital for commercial banks with international affiliations, otherwise known as mega banks, to N500 billion; commercial banks with national authorisation, N200 billion and commercial banks with regional license, N50 billion. Others included merchant banks, N50 billion; non-interest banks with national license, N20 billion and non-interest banks with regional license will now have N10 billion minimum capital. The 24-month timeline for compliance ends on March 31, 2026. Under the guidelines for the recapitalisation exercise, banks are expected to subject their new equity funds to capital verification before the clearance of the allotment proposal and release of the funds to the bank for onwards completion of the offer process and addition of the new capital to its capital base. The CBN is the final signatory in a tripartite capital verification committee that included the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC). The committee is saddled with scrutinising new funds being raised by banks under the ongoing banking sector recapitalisation exercise.
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