Business
Bank customers use payment cards to circumvent forex laws
Bank customers have resorted to using electronic payment cards such as MasterCard and Visa card to circumvent foreign exchange regulations.
Banks can issue naira or dollar denominated debit MasterCard and Visa card to customers and such cards could be linked to the current or savings account of the customer with the bank. The purpose of these cards is to allow the customers spend from their naira account, whenever they travel abroad. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) however stipulates a maximum limit of $150,000 per year for each cardholder
Vanguard investigation however revealed that bank customers are now using multiple accounts either in the same bank or in different banks to circumvent this limit.
Investigations reveal that bank customers now obtain a naira MasterCard or Visa card linked to each account so as to be able to access dollars above the $150,000 limit. Further investigations also revealed that banks are not only aware of this practice but also encourage it. A top foreign exchange dealer who spoke to Vanguard on condition of anonymity said that the banks encourage it because it enables them to make more money through the charges deducted when customers use such cards for dollar denominated transactions or withdraw dollars while outside the country. The dealer also told Vanguard that the practice is prevalent among the banks in the country.
When asked if the CBN is aware of this malpractice, the Director of Corporate Communications, Ibrahim Muazu said, “It is usually a challenge to regulators where accusations or rumours circulate in the public domain without any specific case was referred to the relevant authorities, the regulator may not easily identify the lapse/breach and enforce corrective measures. The $10,000 limit is for purpose of declaration of physical cash movement at the ports of departure. The law has no max limit for amounts to travel with but allows for investigations where the value or source is suspected for other offences.”
But a top management staff of the bank however confirmed to Vanguard that the apex bank was indeed aware of this malpractice. Speaking under condition of strict anonymity, he said, “We are aware of it and I can tell you it is a breach of regulation. But we are not doing anything about it for now, because of the challenge of tracing individuals with multiple bank accounts in the industry. But I can assure you this is one of the problems that would be addressed with the Biometric Verification Number (BVN). Once we complete the project and every bank customer has a BVN, it would be easy to trace those who have multiple accounts and also monitor what they are using the accounts to do”.
The driving factors
Vanguard investigation revealed that this malpractice is been fuelled by a number of factors chiefly the increasing difficulty to access dollars due to increased restrictions on foreign exchange by the CBN as well as dearth of supply of dollars in the interbank and parallel market. For example, it is easier to access dollars from your naira debit card be it MasterCard or Visa, while outside the country, than to source the dollars from banks or the parallel market for the purposes of travelling with the physical cash. Furthermore some of the bank customers engaged in the malpractice do so because the dollar requirement for their business is well above the maximum prescribed by the apex bank, or because their business does not qualify or cannot meet the documentation required to access foreign exchange from the interbank market.
Investigations however also revealed that some customers that engage in this malpractice do so for the purpose of round tripping i.e. withdrawing dollars abroad, and bringing it into Nigeria to sell in the parallel market. Given that the exchange rate applied for dollar withdrawal through the cards is usually lower than what obtains in the local parallel market, the customers enjoy a margin of N15 to N20 on each dollar imported into the country through this malpractice.
What the law says
The CBN guidelines for card issuance and usage in Nigeria states that, “Cards may be issued in Nigerian Naira or in any other convertible currency.
The international usage limits and frequencies for Naira denominated cards shall be defined by each participating bank.
However these limits shall not exceed the total combined amount of Foreign Currency that each individual can access via Business Travel Allowance (BTA) and Personal Travel Allowance (PTA) per annum – which is currently $150,000 per annum
Issuers shall give customers the opportunity to request for cards within the range of the bank’s card products. For instance, if an issuer offers brand of cards such as Verve, Visa, MasterCard, Union Pay, etc, customers shall be free to choose any brand of cards issued. The available cards provided by the issuer must be explicitly stated on the card request form (physical or electronic) so that the customer can make an informed choice.
Issuers shall also provide customers with a choice to specify limits for the volume and value of transactions that they would perform; such limits cannot be higher than the maximum limits, as specified in this Guideline.
Issuers shall provide customers with the ability to specify when their cards should work abroad, and when it should not, as well as which countries they would like their cards to work in, at any particular time.
It is the responsibility of the issuing bank to work with the card schemes in providing the settlement and clearing facility for cards used outside Nigeria.”
Business
FG earned N2.78trn from Company Income Tax in second quarter 2025—NBS
National Bureau of Statistics has said that Nigeria’s Company Income Tax rose sharply in the second quarter of 2025, hitting N2.78 trillion.
The figure represents a significant 40.27 per cent increase compared to the N1.98 trillion recorded in the first quarter of the year, reflecting both improved tax compliance and stronger corporate performance across key economic sectors.
The NBS report said that domestic company income tax payments accounted for the bulk of the revenue, contributing N2.31 trillion, while offshore collections stood at N469.36 billion during the period under review.
According to the NBS, the financial and insurance sector recorded the highest quarter-on-quarter growth, rising by an astonishing 772.29 per cent, driven by improved profitability among banks, fintechs, and insurance firms following robust half-year earnings.
This, according to NBS, was followed by wholesale and retail trade, as well as motor vehicle repair activities, which grew by 538.38%.
Activities of households as employers also surged by 526.79%, although their overall contribution to total company income tax remained negligible.
On the flip side, some sectors experienced sharp declines in company income tax remittances.
Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies dropped by –45.01%, while education, public administration, defence, and compulsory social security recorded declines of –26.61% and –18.17% respectively.
The contraction in these sectors, particularly education and public administration, highlights persistent structural and fiscal challenges confronting government-funded institutions.
In terms of contribution to total tax revenue, financial and insurance activities led with a dominant 44.13%, reflecting the sector’s continuing expansion and strong capital flows.
Manufacturing followed with 15.57%, bolstered by increased production output and improved supply chain activity.
Mining and quarrying ranked third, contributing 9.18%, supported by higher commodity prices and renewed interest in solid mineral development.
At the bottom of the contribution chart were activities of households as employers, which accounted for just 0.01%, as well as activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies, and water supply, sewerage, waste management, and remediation services, each contributing 0.04%. Despite economic headwinds, year-on-year company income tax collection still rose by 12.66% when compared to Q2 2024, underscoring moderate but steady improvement in government revenue mobilisation.
Company income tax collection in the same period of 2024 rose by 150.83 per cent N2.47 trillion. In the first three months of the year, company income tax collection stood at N984.61 billion. According to the report, local payments in the period under review amounted to N1.35 trillion, while foreign CIT payments contributed N1.12 trillion. On a quarter-on-quarter basis, the agriculture, forestry, and fishing sectors exhibited the highest growth rate at 474.50%, followed by financial and insurance activities at 429.76%, and manufacturing at 414.15%.
Business
Lagos govt promises MSMEs continued visibility, market access
Lagos State government has reaffirmed its unwavering commitment to supporting micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) across the state through visibility, capacity building, and market access. Commissioner for Commerce, Cooperatives, Trade, and Investment, Folashade Ambrose-Medebem, made the pledge on Sunday at the closing ceremony of the 2025 Lagos International Trade Fair (LITF). The 38th edition of the event, organised by the Lagos Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LCCI), had its theme as “Connecting Business, Creating Value.”
Ms Ambrose-Medebem said every entrepreneur, regardless of scale, deserves an enabling environment to thrive and contribute meaningfully to the state’s economic prosperity. She said the state, through strategic investments in infrastructure, institutional reforms, and continuous engagement with the private sector, was building a Lagos that worked for business. The commissioner added that the state would continue to foster innovation, competitiveness, and sustainability.
“As a government, we remain steadfast in our commitment to making Lagos the preferred destination for commerce and enterprise. This fair has once again demonstrated the power of connection: connection between producers and consumers, investors and innovators, the government and the private sector, and local entrepreneurs and global brands. Every handshake, every conversation, every business card exchanged here is a building block toward the future we are creating, a future of prosperity that leaves no one behind,” she said.
The commissioner urged businesses to continue to connect, collaborate, and create value, saying, “In Lagos, we do not just trade goods; we trade ideas, build futures, and transform lives. “Together, let us continue to make Lagos not just a place of commerce, but a symbol of progress, innovation, and endless opportunity.” Gabriel Idahosa, president of LCCI, urged governments at all levels to continue addressing the issues of creating an enabling environment in the country.Mr Idahosa said focus should be on infrastructure, security, and implementing the right policies to address the key drivers of high inflation.
This, he said, was needed to fully harness the vast enterprising resources of domestic and foreign investors for the diversification of our economy and the welfare of our people. He pledged the commitment of the organised private sector to stand solidly behind the state in its quest to actualise its innovative initiatives on all fronts. NAN
Business
Jumia posts $17.7m pre-tax loss in Q3, down 1% in 12 Months
Jumia Technologies AG posts a $17.7 million loss before income tax in the third quarter of 2025, down 1% year-on-year from $17.8 million in the third quarter of 2024. The road to profitability has remained long as ecommerce continues to face uncertainties, including widening competition with rivals in the same industry. The e-commerce company revenue came in at $45.6 million compared to $36.4 million in the third quarter of 2024, representing a 25% year-over-year surge in the period. The company reported gross merchandise value of $197.2 million compared to $162.9 million in the third quarter of 2024, up 21% year-over-year. Excluding South Africa and Tunisia, physical goods GMV grew 26% year-over-year, Jumia revealed in the unaudited financials.
Jumia said in its report that the GMV growth was driven by supply and strong marketing execution, partially offset by lower corporate sales in Egypt. Excluding corporate sales, GMV in reported currency grew 37% year-over-year. Nigeria’s momentum accelerated, with order growth up 30% and GMV up 43% year-over-year, Jumia said. The e-commerce giant’s operating loss reduced by 13% year-over-year to $17.4 million compared to $20.1 million in the third quarter of 2024. The company’s adjusted earnings before interest tax depreciation and amortisation loss dropped by 17% to $14.0 million compared to $17.0 million in the third quarter of 2024.
Jumia reported a loss before income tax of $17.7 million, a slight reduction of 1% compared to $17.8 million in the third quarter of 2024. Liquidity printed at $82.5 million, a decrease of $15.8 million in the third quarter of 2025, compared to an increase of $71.8 million in the third quarter of 2024, which included the net proceeds from the August 2024 At-the-Market (ATM) offering, and a decrease of $12.4 million in the second quarter of 2025.
Its net cash flow used in operating activities settled at $12.4 million compared to net cash flow used in operating activities of $26.8 million in the third quarter of 2024 and $12.7 million used in the second quarter of 2025. The result includes a positive working capital contribution of $0.4 million.
Jumia reported that customers’ orders grew 34% year-over-year, driven by strong execution, enhanced product assortment, and healthy consumer demand across key categories. It said quarterly active customers ordering physical goods grew by 23% year-over-year, highlighting continued engagement and customer loyalty. As of September 30, 2025, the Company’s liquidity position was $82.5 million, comprised of $81.5 million in cash and cash equivalents and $1.0 million in term deposits and other financial assets, it said in the report Jumia’s liquidity position decreased by $15.8 million in the third quarter of 2025, compared to an increase of $71.8 million in the third quarter of 2024, which included net proceeds from the August 2024 At-the-Market (ATM) offering, and a decrease of $12.4 million in the second quarter of 2025.
Net cash used in operating activities was $12.4 million in the third quarter of 2025, compared to a net cash used of $26.8 million in the third quarter of 2024 and $12.7 million used in the second quarter of 2025. The result includes a positive working capital contribution of $0.4 million in the third quarter of 2025, compared to a negative working capital contribution of $9.1 million in the third quarter of 2024, primarily reflecting improvements in operating performance.
In addition, the Company reported $1.4 million in capital expenditures in the third quarter of 2025, compared to $0.9 million in the third quarter of 2024, primarily reflecting investments in infrastructure and facility enhancements to support business growth. “This quarter marks a significant acceleration in customer demand and order growth, driven by strong execution across our markets and growing consumer trust in the Jumia brand. We believe Jumia has reached an inflection point as our compelling value proposition, and improved operational discipline position us for sustainable, profitable growth.
“We continue to strengthen our cost structure and sharpen operational discipline, reinforcing our path toward profitability. Our focus remains on execution and customer engagement as we build a more efficient business.
“We believe that we are on track to reach breakeven on a Loss before Income tax basis in Q4 2026 and achieve full-year profitability in 2027, positioning Jumia for long-term growth and value creation.”
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