Economy
DMO’s issued promissory notes obligations drop by 15.6% as at end of first quarter 2025
Debt Management Office promissory notes issuance on behalf of federal government fell by 15.6 per cent in the first quarter of 2025, according to. According to the DMO, the notes fell from N1.542 trillion to N1.301 trillion, reflecting the recent federal government’s efforts to settle verified obligations and improve confidence among key stakeholders in the economy. This also represents a 17.1per cent decrease year-on-year from March 2024 to March 2025, DMO data showed. A promissory note is a legal instrument in which one party commits in writing to pay a specific sum of money to another party, either at a fixed or determinable future date or on demand, under agreed terms and conditions. Last week, the Federal Government announced plans to clear outstanding payments owed to contractors who have duly completed verified projects across Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs). A note released by the Office of the Accountant General of the Federation (OAGF), last week, said, “the Federal Government has records of contracts executed by MDAs and is meticulous in the payment for these contracts to guarantee value for money spent. Efforts are underway to pay for contracts duly awarded and completed according to specifications”, the OAGF said. FG struggled to redeem maturing promissory notes, debt obligations
In January 2025, news report said that the Federal Government was facing challenges redeeming maturing promissory notes and other debt obligations, as the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) declined requests for overdrafts. Sources warned that some promissory notes due imminently could face the risk of default if alternative funding is not secured. In April, the Director-General of the DMO, Patience Oniha, attributed Nigeria’s rising debt profile to a combination of factors, including new borrowings and the continued issuance of promissory notes to settle obligations without sufficient revenue backing. Oniha said that although borrowing is an accepted form to fund government activities, there should be revenues generated to support such. “There are new borrowings for the budget, states, and federal government will borrow, ways and means will be approved, and all. What triggers debts and why the debt stock keeps growing is because when the debt stock is growing, debt service also grows.
“The government has been issuing promissory notes to settle obligations for which it doesn’t really have the revenue. So, that is why the debt stock has been growing,” she noted. Domestic debt nears N79 trillion, driven by fresh borrowings According to the DMO, the domestic component of Nigeria’s debt increased to N78.76 trillion at the end of March 2025. This reflects a year-on-year increase of N13.11 trillion or 20% from N65.65 trillion in March 2024. On a quarterly basis, domestic debt rose by N4.38 trillion or 5.9%, up from N74.38 trillion in December 2024.
Further breakdown of the data shows FGN bonds increased from N55.4 trillion to N59.8 trillion; Treasury Bills N12.4 trillion to N12.7 trillion; and FGN saving bonds from N72.9 billion to N82.7 billion. FGN Sukuk and Green Bonds remained at N992.6 billion and N15 billion, respectively, during the period under review. External debt climbs to N70.63 trillion
Nigeria’s external debt as of March 31, 2025, stood at N70.63 trillion, a significant jump from N56.02 trillion in the same period in 2024. This represents a year-on-year increase of N14.61 trillion or 26.1%. In quarter-on-quarter terms, external debt rose modestly from N70.29 trillion in December 2024, a marginal increase of N344 billion or 0.5%. External debt obligations include borrowings from multilateral institutions such as the World Bank and the African Development Bank, bilateral sources, and commercial creditors, including Eurobond investors. The burden of servicing these debts in naira terms has become heavier as the local currency continues to slide in value, a trend that could deepen if reforms aimed at stabilising the currency do not yield results.
Economy
Nigeria champions African-Arab trade to boost agribusiness, industrial growth
The Arab Africa Trade Bridges (AATB) Program and the Federal Republic of Nigeria formalized a partnership with the signing of the AATB Membership Agreement, officially welcoming Nigeria as the Program’s newest member country. The signing ceremony took place in Abuja on the sidelines of the 5th AATB Board of Governors Meeting, hosted by the Federal Government of Nigeria.
The Membership Agreement was signed by Eng. Adeeb Y. Al Aama, the CEO of the International Islamic Trade Finance Corporation (ITFC) and AATB Program Secretary General, and H.E. Mr. Wale Edun, Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Federal Republic of Nigeria. The Agreement will provide a strategic and operational framework to support Nigeria’s efforts in trade competitiveness, promote export diversification, strengthen priority value chains, and advance capacity-building efforts in line with national development priorities. Areas of collaboration will include trade promotion, agribusiness modernization, SME development, businessmen missions, trade facilitation, logistics efficiency, and digital trade readiness.
The Honourable Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Mr. Wale Edun, called for deeper trade collaboration between African and Arab nations, stressing the importance of value-added Agribusiness and industrial partnerships for regional growth. Speaking in Abuja at the Agribusiness Matchmaking Forum ahead of the AATB Board of Governors Meeting, the Minister said the shifting global economy makes it essential for African and Arab nations to rely more on regional cooperation, investment and shared markets.
He highlighted projections showing Arab-Africa trade could grow by more than US$37 billion in the next three years and urged partners to prioritize value addition rather than raw commodity exports. He noted that Nigeria’s growing industrial base and upcoming National Single Window reforms will support efficiency, investment and private-sector expansion.
“This is a moment to turn opportunity into action”, he said. “By working together, we can build stronger value chains, create jobs and support prosperity across our regions”, Edun emphasized. “As African and Arab nations embark on this journey of deeper trade collaboration, the potential for growth and development is vast. With a shared vision and commitment to value-added partnerships, we can unlock new opportunities, drive economic growth, and create a brighter future for our people.”
Speaking during the event, Eng. Adeeb Y. Al Aama, Chief Executive Officer of ITFC and Secretary General of the AATB Program, stated: “We are pleased to welcome Nigeria to be part of the AATB Program. Nigeria stands as one of Africa’s most dynamic and resilient economies in Africa, with a rapidly expanding private sector and strong potential across agribusiness, energy, manufacturing, and digital industries. Through this Membership Agreement, we look forward to collaborating closely with Nigerian institutions to strengthen value chains, expand regional market access, enhance trade finance and investment opportunities, and support the country’s development priorities.”
The signing of this Agreement underscores AATB’s continued engagement with African countries and its evolving portfolio of programs supporting trade and investment. In recent years, AATB has worked on initiatives across agribusiness, textiles, logistics, digital trade, export readiness under the AfCFTA framework, and other regional initiatives such as the Common African Agro-Parks (CAAPs) Programme.
With Nigeria’s accession, the AATB Program extends it’s presence in the region and adds a key partner working toward advancing trade-led development and fostering inclusive economic growth.
Economy
FEC approves 2026–2028 MTEF, projects N34.33trn revenue
Federal Executive Council (FEC) has approved the 2026–2028 Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF), a key fiscal document that outlines Nigeria’s revenue expectations, macroeconomic assumptions, and spending priorities for the next three years. The approval followed Wednesday’s FEC meeting presided over by President Bola Tinubu at the State House, Abuja. The Minister of Budget and Economic Planning, Senator Atiku Bagudu made this known after the meeting.
The Minister said the Federal Government is projecting a total revenue inflow of N34.33 trillion in 2026, including N4.98 trillion expected from government-owned enterprises. Bagudu said that the projected revenue is N6.55 trillion lower than earlier estimates, adding that federal allocations are expected to drop by about N9.4 trillion, representing a 16% decline compared to the 2025 budget.
He said that statutory transfers are expected to amount to about N3 trillion within the same fiscal year. On macroeconomic assumptions, FEC adopted an oil production benchmark of 2.6 million barrels per day (mbpd) for 2026, although a more conservative 1.8 mbpd will be used for budgeting purposes. An oil price benchmark of $64 per barrel and an exchange rate of N1,512 per dollar were also approved.
Bagudu said the exchange rate assumption reflects projections tied to economic and political developments ahead of the 2027 general elections. He said the exchange rate assumption took into account the fiscal outlook ahead of the 2027 general elections.
The minister said that all the parameters were based on macroeconomic analysis by the Budget Office and other relevant agencies. Bagudu said FEC also reviewed comments from cabinet members before approving the Medium-Term Fiscal Expenditure Ceiling (MFTEC), which sets expenditure limits. Earlier, the Senate approved the external borrowing plan of $21.5 billion presented by President Tinubu for consideration The loans, according to the Senate, were part of the MTEF and Fiscal Strategy Paper (FSP) for the 2025 budget.
Economy
CBN hikes interest on treasury Bills above inflation rate
The spot rate on Nigerian Treasury bills has been increased by 146 basis points by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) following tight subscription levels at the main auction on Wednesday. The spot rate on Treasury bills with one-year maturity has now surpassed Nigeria’s 16.05% inflation by 145 basis points following a recent decision to keep the policy rate at 27%.
The Apex Bank came to the primary market with N700 billion Treasury bills offer size across standard tenors, including 91-day, 182-day and 364 day maturities. Details from the auction results showed that demand settled slightly above the total offers as investors began to seek higher returns on naira assets despite disinflation.
Total subscription came in at about N775 billion versus N700 billion offers floated at the main auction. The results showed rising appetite for duration as investors parked about 90% of their bids on Nigerian Treasury bills with 364 days maturity. The CBN opened N100 billion worth of 91 days bills for subscription, but the offer received underwhelming bids totalling N44.17 billion.
The CBN allotted N42.80 billion for the short-term instrument at the spot rate of 15.30%, the same as the previous auction. Total demand for 182 days Nigerian Treasury bills settled at N33.38 billion as against N150 billion that the authority pushed out for subscription. The CBN raised N30.36 billion from 182 days bills allotted to investors at the spot rate of 15.50%, the same as the previous auction.
Investors staked N697.29 billion on N450 billion in 364-day Treasury bills that was offered for subscription. The CBN raised N636.46 billion from the longest tenor at the spot rate of 17.50%, up from 16.04% at the previous auction.
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