Finance
First Bank, Zenith and UBA dominate market with 34 % deposit share *Access Bank, a bank to watch in 2011
By Omoh Gabriel, Business Editor
Three out of the twenty-four banks in the Nigerian banking industry dominate the market with deposit liabilities of N3.710 trillion, a little above the deposit liabilities of the eight rescued banks which amounted, as at the end of December 2010, to N3.06 trillion. Figures obtained from monetary authorities showed that First Bank, Zenith and UBA are dominating the Nigerian banking scene with a total deposit liabilities of N3.7 trillion.
First Bank which leads the market in terms of deposit has a deposit base as at end of December last year, of N1.306 trillion out of the total deposit of N10.837 trillion of the 24 banks in the country. This represents 12.06 per cent of the total cash deposit in the country. By this, First Bank has a market share of 12 per cent. Closely following is the new generation bank, Zenith which has outpaced several others with a deposit liability of N1.283 trillion. Zenith’s share of the Nigerian banking industry is 11.85 per cent. The next in the league of the top three is UBA which deposit liability hit the one trillion mark. Its deposit liability as at the close of business in 2010 was N1.120 trillion. Its share of the Nigerian money market is 10.33 per cent.
According to financial services sector data, the next in the high rank of deposit is GTbank which has a deposit liability base of N715.170 billion which represents 6.6 per cent of the total deposit liability of all banks in the country. Surprisingly, Oceanic Bank, one of the rescued banks despite its travail had a deposit base of N630.227 billion which is 5.81 per cent of market share. Intercontinental followed closely with a deposit of N 617.733 billion representing 5.7 per cent of the total deposit in the banking system in Nigeria. Also Union Bank, another of the troubled banks followed closely with a total deposit liability of N616.076 billion amounting to 5.68 per cent of total deposit. Skye Bank on its part has a deposit of N484.404 billion which is 4.46 per cent of the total deposit in the country. Access Bank, a bank to watch has a total deposit of N448.411 billion which represents 4.13 per cent of total deposit in the country. The upward mobile bankers behind the bank have signed an MoU with Intercontinental Bank for a business combination. If the process goes through, the bank’s deposit base when combined with that of Intercontinental Bank will leapfrog to the top four placing it behind UBA with a deposit of N1.066 trillion which is 9.8 per cent of total deposit. In the same vein, if the move by First Bank to acquire Oceanic Bank sails through, its deposit base will shoot up to N1.936 trillion which will raise the bank’s share of the money market to 17 per cent from its present 12 per cent.
Diamond Bank has a deposit figure of N376.043 billion representing a market share of 3.5 per cent.
Figures obtained from the Central Bank show that in 2009 when the current CBN governor assumed office, the total deposit base of the 24 banks in the country was N10 trillion while the deposit in the eight rescued banks stood at N3.069 trillion which is 30.7 per cent of the total deposit. As at December 2010, the total deposit base of the Nigeria banks was N10.837 trillion and the eight rescued banks had a total of N3.058 trillion which are at risk.
A breakdown of the deposit the eight banks are saddled with showed that as at December 2010, Intercontinental despite the travail had a total deposit base of N617.733 billion as against the N511.576 billion it had in 2009, an increase of N106.15 billion. Closely following in the deposit at risk is Oceanic Bank which total deposit at the end of 2010 amounted to N630.227 billion. Compared to previous year’s deposit of N542.787 billion, this amounted to a deposit increase of N87.43 billion.
According to the CBN figures, in the case of Union Bank, its total deposit base as at the end of last year was N616.076 billion as against the previous year’s deposit base of N797.913 billion. This in fact showed a decrease in deposit liability of N181.83 billion.
According to CBN data, closely following in the deposit at risk is BankPHB which at the end of 2010 had a deposit liability of N348.707 billion as against the N447.540 billion it had in 2009 when Sanusi’s management took over the bank. This showed a loss of deposit of N98.83 billion. In reaction to its continued loss of deposit and ever rising cost, the management of BankPHB last week panicked and sent an SOS letter to its select-staff capturing the critical situation of the bank and in some of these other rescued banks.
The letter with the subject Interbank/CBN dependence on bank funding, drew top management’s attention “to the escalating level of the bank’s interbank/CBN dependence for funding our operations, and the urgent need to tackle the situation with a multi-pronged solution.” The letter written by the bank’s treasurer on March 16, 2011 stated: “As at mid month, interbank takings stand at N133 billion and this does not include CBN SLF (Standing lending facility) of N35 billion.”
The bank’s treasurer listed issues facing the bank to include persistent negative clearing, loss of deposits and the fact that “70 per cent (N187 billion) of total treasury assets (N246 billion) is held for now in an illiquid AMCON Bond.”
Other rescued banks which deposit is at risk are Afribank – N304.320 billion, Finbank – N209.118 billion, and Equitorial Trust Bank – N133.948 billion deposit.
Analysts familiar with the banking system say that most of the rescued banks were heading for loss if they were not sold or recapitalised soon. One of them stated: “Basically, they have sold all the assets on their books.” This is coming on the heels of the Central Bank saying it has not approved any Memorandum of Understanding, MoU, signed between management of the rescued banks and prospective core investors.
Finance
Afreximbank successfully closed its second Samurai Bond transactions, raising JPY 81.8bn or $527m
African Export-Import Bank said it has successfully closed its second Samurai bond transaction, securing a total of JPY 81.8 billion (approx. USD 527 million) through Regular and Retail Samurai Bonds offerings.
The execution surpasses the Bank’s 2024 debut issuance size, attracting orders from more than 100 institutional and retail investors, marking a renewed demonstration of strong Japanese investor confidence in the Bank’s credit and its growing presence in the yen capital markets.
On 18 November, Afreximbank priced a JPY 45.8 billion 3-year tranche in the Regular Samurai market following a comprehensive sequence of investor engagement activities leveraging Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD9), including Non-Deal Roadshows (NDRs) in Tokyo, Kanazawa, Kyoto, Shiga and Osaka, a Global Investor Call, and a two-day soft-sounding process which tested investor appetite across 2.5-, 3-, 5-, 7-, and 10-year maturities.
With market expectations of a Bank of Japan interest rate increase, investor demand concentrated in shorter tenors, resulting in a focused 3-year tranche during official marketing.
The tranche attracted strong participation from asset managers (22.3%), life insurers (15.3%), regional corporates, and high-net-worth investors (39.7%).
Concurrently, Afreximbank priced its second Retail Samurai bond on 18 November, a JPY 36.0 billion 3-year tranche, more than double the inaugural JPY 14.1 billion Retail Samurai issuance completed in November 2024.
The 2025 Retail Samurai bond also marks the first Retail Samurai bond issued in Japan in 2025.
Following the amendment to Afreximbank’s shelf registration on 7 November 2025, SMBC Nikko conducted an extensive seven-business-day demand survey through its nationwide branch network, followed by a six-business-day bond offering period.
The offering benefited from strong visibility supported by Afreximbank’s investor engagement across the country, including the Bank’s participation at TICAD9, where Afreximbank hosted the Africa Finance Seminar to introduce Multinational Development Bank’s mandate in Africa and its credit profile to key Japanese institutional investors.
MBC Nikko Securities Inc. acted as Sole Lead Manager and Bookrunner for both the Regular and Retail Samurai transactions. Chandi Mwenebungu, Afreximbank’s Managing Director, Treasury & Markets and Group Treasurer, commented:
“We are pleased with the successful completion of our second Samurai bond transactions, which marked a significant increase from our inaugural Retail Samurai bond in 2024, and which reflect the growing depth of our relationship with Japanese investors.
The strong demand, both in the Regular and Retail offerings, demonstrates sustained confidence in Afreximbank’s credit and mandate.
We remain committed to deepening our engagement in the Samurai market through regular investor activities and continued collaboration with our Japanese partners.”
Finance
Ecobank unveils SME bazaar: a festive marketplace for local entrepreneurs
Ecobank Nigeria, a member of Africa’s leading pan-African banking group, has announced the launch of the Ecobank SME Bazaar—a two-weekend festive marketplace designed to celebrate local creativity, empower entrepreneurs, and give Lagos residents a premium shopping experience this Detty December. The Bazaar will hold on 29–30 November and 6–7 December at the Ecobank Pan African Centre (EPAC), Ozumba Mbadiwe Road, Victoria Island, Lagos. Speaking ahead of the event, Omoboye Odu, Head of SMEs, Ecobank Nigeria, reaffirmed the bank’s commitment to supporting small and medium-sized businesses, describing them as the heartbeat of Nigeria’s economy. She explained that the Ecobank SME Bazaar was created to enhance visibility for entrepreneurs, expand market access, and support sustainable business growth.
According to her, “This isn’t just a market—it’s a vibrant hub of culture, commerce, and connection. From fresh farm produce to trendy fashion, handcrafted pieces, lifestyle products, and delicious food and drinks, the Ecobank SME Bazaar promises an unforgettable experience for both shoppers and participating SMEs. Whether you’re shopping for festive gifts, hunting for unique finds, or soaking in the Detty December energy, this is the place to be.” Ms. Odu added that participating businesses will enjoy increased brand exposure, deeper customer engagement, and meaningful networking opportunities—making the Bazaar a strong platform for both festive-season sales and long-term business growth. The event is powered by Ecobank in partnership with TKD Farms, Eko Marche, Leyyow, and other SME-focused organisations committed to building sustainable enterprises.
Finance
16 banks have recapitalised before deadline—CBN
The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has said that16 banks have so far met the new capital requirements for their various licences, some four months before the March 31, 2026 deadline. The apex bank also indicated that 27 other banks have raised capital through various methods in one of the most extensive financial sector reforms since 2004. Addressing journalists at the end of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting in Abuja, CBN Governor Mr Olayemi Cardoso said the banking recapitalisation was going on orderly, consistent with the regulator’s expectations. He said, “We are monitoring developments, and indications show the process is moving in the right direction.” Nigeria has 44 deposit-taking banks, including seven commercial banks with international authorisation, 15 with national authorisation, four with regional authorisation, four non-interest banks, six merchant banks, seven financial holding companies and one representative office.
Cardoso explained that eight commercial banks had met the N500 billion capital requirement as of July 22, 2024, rising to 14 by September of the same year. The number has now increased to 16 as the industry continues to race toward full compliance. He said that the reforms would reinforce the resilience of Nigerian banks both within the country and across the continent. “We are building a financial system that will be fit for purpose for the years ahead. Many Nigerian banks now operate across Africa and have been innovative across different markets. These new buffers will better equip them to manage risks in the multiple jurisdictions where they operate,” Cardoso said. According to him, the reforms would strengthen the financial sector’s capability to support households and businesses. He said, “Ultimately, this benefits Nigerians—our traders, our businesses and our citizens—who operate across those regions. “It should give everyone comfort to know that Nigerian banks with deep local understanding are present to support them. Commercial banks are also creating their own buffers through the ongoing recapitalisation.”
He added that the apex bank considered several factors in determining the new capital thresholds, including prevailing macroeconomic conditions, stress test results and the need for stronger risk buffers. He reassured on the regulator’s commitment to strict oversight as the consolidation progresses. “We will rigorously enforce our ‘fit and proper’ criteria for prospective new shareholders, senior management, and board members of banks, and proactively monitor the integrity of financial statements, adequacy of financial resources, and fair valuation of banks’ post-merger balance sheets,” Cardoso said. He said the CBN remained confident that the banking system would emerge stronger at the conclusion of the recapitalization exercise, with institutions better prepared to support Nigeria’s economic transformation Banks have up till March 31, 2026 to beef up their minimum capital base to the new standard set by the apex bank. Under the new minimum capital base, CBN uses a distinctive definition of the new minimum capital base for each category of banks as the addition of share capital and share premium, as against the previous use of shareholders’ funds.
While most banks have shareholders’ funds in excess of the new minimum capital base, their share premium and share capital significantly fall short of the new minimum definition. The CBN had in March 2024 released its circular on review of minimum capital requirement for commercial, merchant and non-interest banks. The apex bank increased the new minimum capital for commercial banks with international affiliations, otherwise known as mega banks, to N500 billion; commercial banks with national authorisation, N200 billion and commercial banks with regional license, N50 billion. Others included merchant banks, N50 billion; non-interest banks with national license, N20 billion and non-interest banks with regional license will now have N10 billion minimum capital. The 24-month timeline for compliance ends on March 31, 2026. Under the guidelines for the recapitalisation exercise, banks are expected to subject their new equity funds to capital verification before the clearance of the allotment proposal and release of the funds to the bank for onwards completion of the offer process and addition of the new capital to its capital base. The CBN is the final signatory in a tripartite capital verification committee that included the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC). The committee is saddled with scrutinising new funds being raised by banks under the ongoing banking sector recapitalisation exercise.
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