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Global energy transition gains ground, but security, capital challenge persist

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Global progress towards secure, equitable and sustainable energy is accelerating after years of sluggish gains, according to a World Economic Forum report released today. However, rising geopolitical tensions, investment gaps, and a growing disconnect between clean energy innovation and deployment where it is needed most threaten to undermine momentum. The Fostering Effective Energy Transition 2025 report, developed in collaboration with Accenture, benchmarks the performance of energy systems of 118 countries across three performance dimensions – security, sustainability and equity – and five readiness factors: political commitment, finance and investment, innovation, infrastructure, and education and human capital. In 2025, 65% of countries improved their Energy Transition Index scores, with 28% advancing across all three core dimensions. While advanced economies grapple with grid congestion, high prices and delivery bottlenecks, regions like Emerging Europe and Emerging Asia are making gains, driven by targeted reforms, improved infrastructure and growing clean energy investment.
“Energy systems are evolving at varying speeds,” said Roberto Bocca, Head of the Centre for Energy and Materials, World Economic Forum. “We are seeing more holistic approaches and visible progress. It is encouraging that 28% of countries, including major energy consumers and producers like Brazil, China, the US and Nigeria, have advanced across multiple dimensions. Staying on track demands urgent investment in fast-growing emerging economies.” The 2025 Energy Transition Index recorded a 1.1% year-on-year gain – the fastest since pre-COVID levels. Equity showed the strongest gains, aided by stable energy prices and subsidy cuts, while sustainability improved thanks to increased renewable energy adoption and improvements in energy efficiency. But energy security stagnated due to inflexible power systems, import reliance and limited diversification. Despite $2 trillion in clean energy investment in 2024, emissions hit a record 37.8 billion tons in the hottest year on record, as energy demand rose 2.2% driven by artificial intelligence (AI), data centres, cooling and electrification.
 “AI is the most transformative technology of our lifetimes and the single greatest lever of a more intelligent, adaptive and resilient energy future,” said Muqsit Ashraf, Group Chief Executive for Accenture Strategy. “Leading companies are harnessing technology, data and AI to accelerate their reinvention and placing people at the core of that change – ultimately becoming more resilient and delivering long-term profitable growth.” Sweden, Finland and Denmark topped the Energy Transition Index, reflecting their long-standing policy commitment, robust infrastructure and diversified low-carbon energy systems. Norway and Switzerland rounded out the top five, underscoring renewed momentum in their energy transition. Austria, Latvia and the Netherlands followed closely, with strong performances in equity, clean energy capital flows and renewable energy capacity buildout. Germany and Portugal completed the top 10. Among the top 20, China reached a record 12th place, fueled by its scale and leadership in innovation and clean energy investment. Brazil ranked 15th, leading Latin America with greater energy diversification, lower prices and rising clean energy use. The United Kingdom placed 16th, while the US rose to 17th overall and ranked 1st in energy security, supported by a diversified energy system and strong innovation.
India advanced on energy efficiency and investment capacity, while the United Arab Emirates recorded the strongest year-on-year gain in a decade, driven by rapid infrastructure upgrades, targeted subsidy reforms, rising clean energy use and lower energy. The report highlights three system-level priorities to keep the energy transition on track. These include redefining energy security beyond traditional supply concerns to include grid resilience and digital infrastructure; correcting capital imbalances, particularly in emerging economies; and addressing infrastructure bottlenecks, such as permitting delays, workforce gaps and grid capacity, which now constrain progress more than technology availability. To sustain momentum and build resilience, the report calls for adaptive policies to attract long-term capital and foster cooperation; modernize infrastructure; invest in workforce skills and innovation; scale deployment of clean tech, especially in hard-to-abate sectors; and enhancing capital investment in developing economies. Since 2021, over 80% of energy demand growth has come from emerging and developing economies, but more than 90% of clean energy investment has been seen in advanced economies and China, revealing a misalignment between capital flows and future demand.
 Emerging Europe recorded the strongest gains with notable progress in infrastructure (+8.3%) and equity (+5.8%). Latvia scored the highest, whereas Bosnia and Herzegovina grew the most. Emerging Asia, with leadership from China, followed by Malaysia, has seen regulatory improvements (2.6%) and rising clean energy investment (18.7%). Sub-Saharan Africa also made progress through stronger political commitment and financial flows. Notably, Nigeria made notable progress, rising from 109th place in 2016 to 61st in 2025. These trends underscore the growing impact of targeted reforms and localized transition strategies across diverse markets. The Energy Transition Index emphasizes the need for context-specific strategies, as energy systems evolve amid climate pressures, conflict and economic fragmentation. Sustained progress will also depend on resilience, adaptability, and stronger regional and global cooperation.

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Nigeria–China tech deal to boost jobs, skills, local opportunities

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A new technology transfer agreement between the Nigeria–China Strategic Partnership (NCSP) and the Presidential Implementation Committee on Technology Transfer (PICTT) is expected to open more job opportunities, improve local skills, and expand access to advanced technology for ordinary Nigerians. 

In a press statement reaching Vanguard on Friday, the MoU aims to strengthen industrial development, support local content, and create clearer pathways for Nigerians to benefit from China’s growing investments in the country.

PICTT Chairman, Dr Dahiru Mohammed, said the partnership will immediately begin coordinated programmes that support local participation in infrastructure and industrial projects.

Special Adviser to the President on Industry, Trade and Investment, Mr John Uwajumogu, said the deal will help attract high value investments that can stimulate job creation and strengthen Nigeria’s economy.

NCSP Head of International Relations, Ms Judy Melifonwu, highlighted that Nigerians stand to gain from expanded STEM scholarships, technical training, access to modern technology, and collaboration across key sectors including steel, agriculture, automobile parks, and cultural industries.

The NCSP Director-General reaffirmed the organisation’s commitment to measurable results, noting that the partnership with PICTT will prioritise initiatives that deliver direct national impact.

The MoU signals a new phase of Nigeria–China cooperation focused on practical delivery, local content, and opportunities that improve everyday livelihoods.

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EU hits Meta with antitrust probe over plans to block AI rivals from WhatsApp

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EU regulators launched an antitrust investigation into Meta Platforms on Thursday over its rollout of artificial intelligence features in its WhatsApp messenger that would block rivals, hardening Europe’s already tough stance on Big Tech. The move, reported earlier by Reuters and the Financial Times, is the latest action by European Union regulators against large technology firms such as Amazon and Alphabet’s Google as the bloc seeks to balance support for the sector with efforts to curb its expanding influence.

Europe’s tough stance – a marked contrast to more lenient U.S. regulation – has sparked an industry pushback, particularly by U.S. tech titans, and led to criticism from the administration of U. S. President Donald Trump. The European Commission said that the investigation will look into Meta’s new policy that would limit other AI providers’ access to WhatsApp, a potential boost for its own Meta AI system integrated into the platform earlier this year.

EU antitrust chief Teresa Ribera said the move was to prevent dominant firms from “abusing their power to crowd out innovative competitors”. She added interim measures could be imposed to block Meta’s new WhatsApp AI policy rollout. “AI markets are booming in Europe and beyond,” she said. This is why we are investigating if Meta’s new policy might be illegal under competition rules, and whether we should act quickly to prevent any possible irreparable harm to competition in the AI space.”

A WhatsApp spokesperson called the claims “baseless”, adding that the emergence of chatbots on its platforms had put a “strain on our systems that they were not designed to support”, a reference to AI systems from other providers. “Still, the AI space is highly competitive and people have access to the services of their choice in any number of ways, including app stores, search engines, email services, partnership integrations, and operating systems.” The EU was the first in the world to establish a comprehensive legal framework for AI, setting out guardrails for AI systems and rules for certain high-risk applications in the AI Act.

Meta AI, a chatbot and virtual assistant, has been built into WhatsApp’s interface across European markets since March. The Commission said a new policy fully applicable from January 15, 2026, may block competing AI providers from reaching customers via the platform. Ribera said the probe came on the back of complaints from small AI developers about the WhatsApp policy. The Interaction Company of California, which has developed AI assistant Poke.com, has taken its grievance to the EU competition enforcer. Spanish AI startup Luzia has also talked to the Commission, a person with knowledge of the matter said.

Marvin von Hagen, co-founder and CEO of The Interaction Company of California, said if Meta was allowed to roll out its new policy, “millions of European consumers will be deprived of the possibility of enjoying new and innovative AI assistants”. Meta also risks a fine of as much as 10% of its global annual turnover if found guilty of breaching EU antitrust rules.

Italy’s antitrust watchdog opened a parallel investigation in July into allegations that Meta leveraged its market power by integrating an AI tool into WhatsApp, expanding the probe in November to examine whether Meta further abused its dominance by blocking rival AI chatbots from the messaging platform. The antitrust probe is a more traditional means of investigation than the EU’s Digital Markets Act, the bloc’s landmark legislation currently used to scrutinize Amazon’s and Microsoft’s cloud services for potential curbs. Reuters

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Billionaires are inheriting record levels of wealth, UBS report finds

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The spouses and children of billionaires inherited more wealth in 2025 than in any previous year since reporting began in 2015, according to UBS’s Billionaire Ambitions Report published on Thursday. In the 12 months to April, 91 people became billionaires through inheritance, collectively receiving $298 billion, up more than a third from 2024, the Swiss bank said. “These heirs are proof of a multi-year wealth transfer that’s intensifying,” UBS executive Benjamin Cavalli said.

The report is based on a survey of some of UBS’s super-rich clients and a database that tracks the wealth of billionaires across 47 markets in all world regions. At least $5.9 trillion will be inherited by billionaire children over the next 15 years, the bank calculates.
Most of this inheritance growth is set to take place in the United States, with India, France, Germany and Switzerland next on the list, UBS estimated. However, billionaires are highly mobile, especially younger ones, which could change that picture, it added. The search for a better quality of life, geopolitical concerns and tax considerations are driving decisions to relocate, according to the report.

In Switzerland, where $206 billion will be inherited over the next 15 years according to the bank, voters on Sunday overwhelmingly rejected 50 per cent tax on inherited fortunes of $62 million or more, after critics said it could trigger an exodus of wealthy people.
Switzerland, the UAE, the U.S. and Singapore are among billionaires’ preferred destinations, UBS’s Cavalli said. “In Switzerland, Sunday’s vote may have helped to increase the country’s appeal again,” he said. Reuters

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