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Nigeria and other Africa stock market immature – IMF

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By Omoh Gabriel
The International Monetary Fund, IMF has described capital market in Africa as immature that are not capable of helping companies raise required capital for their operation. In its 2006 regional economic outlook for sub Sahara Africa released in Singapore on Friday, the Fund said “Stock markets in Africa remain immature”. The report further said “Except in South Africa and Zimbawe, average market capitalisation is about 27 per cent of GDP, it is as low as 1.4 per cent in Uganda”. In the case of Nigeria there are only 207 companies listed on the exchange while South Africa has 403. Egypt the only IMF listed emerging market in Africa has 962 companies listed on its Exchange. This the IMF said is in contrast with emerging markets like Malaysia, which has a capitalisation ratio of about 161 per cent of GDP. The report said that market liquidity is low, turn over ratio are a as little as 0.02 per cent. Low liquidity it said implies greater difficulty in supporting a local market with its own trading system, market analysis, and brokers, because of the low business volume.
The report further said “Economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa is expected to remain robust, despite high oil prices. Thanks mainly to the prudent macroeconomic policies of countries in the region, inflation
remains under control.
These were among the main findings of the fall 2006 issue of the sub-Saharan Africa Regional
Economic Outlook, which the International Monetary Fund released today. Abdoulaye Bio-
Tchané, Director of the IMF’s African Department, highlighted the report’s main findings:
“Real GDP in sub-Saharan Africa is projected to grow by 4.8 percent in 2006. Although below
the rate of 5.6 percent in 2005—largely because of a temporary slowdown in oil production in
oil-exporting countries like Equatorial Guinea, Chad, and Nigeria and a moderation of growth in
South Africa to more sustainable levels—this growth performance demonstrates the growing
robustness of economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa.
“Growth in oil-importing countries as a whole is expected to decline to 4.5 percent from
5 percent in 2005, though 17 of these countries—about the same number as in 2005—are
expected to experience growth of 5 percent or more. In many oil importing countries, the impact
of persistently high petroleum prices has been mitigated by rising export prices for nonfuel
commodities and by growing domestic investment.
“Looking ahead to 2007, GDP growth for the region as a whole is projected to rise to about 6
percent. Growth in oil-exporting countries as a group could accelerate to 10 percent, mainly
because oil production is rising in Angola and Equatorial Guinea. Growth in oil-importing
countries should remain steady at 4.6 percent. Inflation for the region (excluding Zimbabwe) is
projected to fall further, to 6 percent.
“There are downside risks to this favorable picture, however. Export demand could be lower if
activity in the rest of the world slows from the impact of global imbalances and tighter monetary
policies. Growth and inflation could also be adversely affected by further increases in oil prices
and a larger-than-expected fall in nonfuel commodity prices. And there are still political risks in
a number of countries in the region.
“Our analysis of the impact of higher oil prices reveals some policy challenges for African
governments. Since 2003, governments in most countries in the region have passed a relatively
large portion of higher oil prices through to domestic retail prices. Rising oil prices have thus cut
into the real income of the poorest population groups. Addressing this impact will be difficult for
policy makers where there are no effective safety nets for the poor.
”Many countries are using indirect instruments to shield the poor, such as subsidizing kerosene
(given its importance in the lives of the poor) and public transportation, and reducing or
eliminating charges for public services like health and education, subject to the overall fiscal
constraints. According to our analysis of eight countries in sub-Saharan Africa, oil and other fuel
price increases in 2003-05 may have lowered real GDP by 0.2 to 1.0 percent, depending on
national production and trade. Fortunately, in some of these countries, such as Botswana,
Mozambique, South Africa and Zambia, the impact on GDP of higher fuel prices was more than
offset by rising prices for nonfuel commodities.
“Finally, oil-producing countries need to strengthen their fiscal institutions to enhance revenue
transparency and their public financial management systems.
“The IMF has so far provided debt relief to 14 countries in sub-Saharan Africa under the
Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI). These countries are using the resources released from
debt service to boost poverty-reducing investment. However, economic performance will have to
improve significantly if the region is to attain many of the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs). In particular, countries in the region will need to accelerate annual GDP growth to at
least 7 percent to attain the poverty MDG.
“The scaling-up of aid promised by the international community at the Gleneagles Summit a year
ago has yet to materialize, but private capital inflows are rising in some countries as surging
commodity prices and debt relief make the region a more attractive place to invest. Still,
countries in sub-Saharan Africa will have to do much more to lower the costs of doing business
if private sector activity is to flourish.”

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Afreximbank successfully closed its second Samurai Bond transactions, raising JPY 81.8bn or $527m

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African Export-Import Bank said it has successfully closed its second Samurai bond transaction, securing a total of JPY 81.8 billion (approx. USD 527 million) through Regular and Retail Samurai Bonds offerings.

The execution surpasses the Bank’s 2024 debut issuance size, attracting orders from more than 100 institutional and retail investors, marking a renewed demonstration of strong Japanese investor confidence in the Bank’s credit and its growing presence in the yen capital markets.

On 18 November, Afreximbank priced a JPY 45.8 billion 3-year tranche in the Regular Samurai market following a comprehensive sequence of investor engagement activities leveraging Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD9), including Non-Deal Roadshows (NDRs) in Tokyo, Kanazawa, Kyoto, Shiga and Osaka, a Global Investor Call, and a two-day soft-sounding process which tested investor appetite across 2.5-, 3-, 5-, 7-, and 10-year maturities.

With market expectations of a Bank of Japan interest rate increase, investor demand concentrated in shorter tenors, resulting in a focused 3-year tranche during official marketing.

The tranche attracted strong participation from asset managers (22.3%), life insurers (15.3%), regional corporates, and high-net-worth investors (39.7%).

Concurrently, Afreximbank priced its second Retail Samurai bond on 18 November, a JPY 36.0 billion 3-year tranche, more than double the inaugural JPY 14.1 billion Retail Samurai issuance completed in November 2024.

The 2025 Retail Samurai bond also marks the first Retail Samurai bond issued in Japan in 2025.

Following the amendment to Afreximbank’s shelf registration on 7 November 2025, SMBC Nikko conducted an extensive seven-business-day demand survey through its nationwide branch network, followed by a six-business-day bond offering period.

The offering benefited from strong visibility supported by Afreximbank’s investor engagement across the country, including the Bank’s participation at TICAD9, where Afreximbank hosted the Africa Finance Seminar to introduce Multinational Development Bank’s mandate in Africa and its credit profile to key Japanese institutional investors.

MBC Nikko Securities Inc. acted as Sole Lead Manager and Bookrunner for both the Regular and Retail Samurai transactions. Chandi Mwenebungu, Afreximbank’s Managing Director, Treasury & Markets and Group Treasurer, commented:

“We are pleased with the successful completion of our second Samurai bond transactions, which marked a significant increase from our inaugural Retail Samurai bond in 2024, and which reflect the growing depth of our relationship with Japanese investors.

The strong demand, both in the Regular and Retail offerings, demonstrates sustained confidence in Afreximbank’s credit and mandate.

We remain committed to deepening our engagement in the Samurai market through regular investor activities and continued collaboration with our Japanese partners.”

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Ecobank unveils SME bazaar: a festive marketplace for local entrepreneurs

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Ecobank Nigeria, a member of Africa’s leading pan-African banking group, has announced the launch of the Ecobank SME Bazaar—a two-weekend festive marketplace designed to celebrate local creativity, empower entrepreneurs, and give Lagos residents a premium shopping experience this Detty December. The Bazaar will hold on 29–30 November and 6–7 December at the Ecobank Pan African Centre (EPAC), Ozumba Mbadiwe Road, Victoria Island, Lagos. Speaking ahead of the event, Omoboye Odu, Head of SMEs, Ecobank Nigeria, reaffirmed the bank’s commitment to supporting small and medium-sized businesses, describing them as the heartbeat of Nigeria’s economy. She explained that the Ecobank SME Bazaar was created to enhance visibility for entrepreneurs, expand market access, and support sustainable business growth.
According to her, “This isn’t just a market—it’s a vibrant hub of culture, commerce, and connection. From fresh farm produce to trendy fashion, handcrafted pieces, lifestyle products, and delicious food and drinks, the Ecobank SME Bazaar promises an unforgettable experience for both shoppers and participating SMEs. Whether you’re shopping for festive gifts, hunting for unique finds, or soaking in the Detty December energy, this is the place to be.” Ms. Odu added that participating businesses will enjoy increased brand exposure, deeper customer engagement, and meaningful networking opportunities—making the Bazaar a strong platform for both festive-season sales and long-term business growth. The event is powered by Ecobank in partnership with TKD Farms, Eko Marche, Leyyow, and other SME-focused organisations committed to building sustainable enterprises.

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16 banks have recapitalised before deadline—CBN

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The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has said that16 banks have so far met the new capital requirements for their various licences, some four months before the March 31, 2026 deadline. The apex bank also indicated that 27 other banks have raised capital through various methods in one of the most extensive financial sector reforms since 2004. Addressing journalists at the end of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting in Abuja, CBN Governor Mr Olayemi Cardoso said the banking recapitalisation was going on orderly, consistent with the regulator’s expectations. He said, “We are monitoring developments, and indications show the process is moving in the right direction.” Nigeria has 44 deposit-taking banks, including seven commercial banks with international authorisation, 15 with national authorisation, four with regional authorisation, four non-interest banks, six merchant banks, seven financial holding companies and one representative office.
Cardoso explained that eight commercial banks had met the N500 billion capital requirement as of July 22, 2024, rising to 14 by September of the same year. The number has now increased to 16 as the industry continues to race toward full compliance. He said that the reforms would reinforce the resilience of Nigerian banks both within the country and across the continent. “We are building a financial system that will be fit for purpose for the years ahead. Many Nigerian banks now operate across Africa and have been innovative across different markets. These new buffers will better equip them to manage risks in the multiple jurisdictions where they operate,” Cardoso said. According to him, the reforms would strengthen the financial sector’s capability to support households and businesses. He said, “Ultimately, this benefits Nigerians—our traders, our businesses and our citizens—who operate across those regions. “It should give everyone comfort to know that Nigerian banks with deep local understanding are present to support them. Commercial banks are also creating their own buffers through the ongoing recapitalisation.”
He added that the apex bank considered several factors in determining the new capital thresholds, including prevailing macroeconomic conditions, stress test results and the need for stronger risk buffers. He reassured on the regulator’s commitment to strict oversight as the consolidation progresses. “We will rigorously enforce our ‘fit and proper’ criteria for prospective new shareholders, senior management, and board members of banks, and proactively monitor the integrity of financial statements, adequacy of financial resources, and fair valuation of banks’ post-merger balance sheets,” Cardoso said. He said the CBN remained confident that the banking system would emerge stronger at the conclusion of the recapitalization exercise, with institutions better prepared to support Nigeria’s economic transformation Banks have up till March 31, 2026 to beef up their minimum capital base to the new standard set by the apex bank. Under the new minimum capital base, CBN uses a distinctive definition of the new minimum capital base for each category of banks as the addition of share capital and share premium, as against the previous use of shareholders’ funds.
While most banks have shareholders’ funds in excess of the new minimum capital base, their share premium and share capital significantly fall short of the new minimum definition. The CBN had in March 2024 released its circular on review of minimum capital requirement for commercial, merchant and non-interest banks. The apex bank increased the new minimum capital for commercial banks with international affiliations, otherwise known as mega banks, to N500 billion; commercial banks with national authorisation, N200 billion and commercial banks with regional license, N50 billion. Others included merchant banks, N50 billion; non-interest banks with national license, N20 billion and non-interest banks with regional license will now have N10 billion minimum capital. The 24-month timeline for compliance ends on March 31, 2026. Under the guidelines for the recapitalisation exercise, banks are expected to subject their new equity funds to capital verification before the clearance of the allotment proposal and release of the funds to the bank for onwards completion of the offer process and addition of the new capital to its capital base. The CBN is the final signatory in a tripartite capital verification committee that included the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC). The committee is saddled with scrutinising new funds being raised by banks under the ongoing banking sector recapitalisation exercise.

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