Finance
Nigerian banks face 12-month deadline as CBN unveils AI-driven anti-money laundering standards
Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has issued a draft framework aimed at overhauling anti-money laundering (AML) practices across the country’s financial sector. In its circular titled BSD/DIR/CON/AML/018/033, the apex bank said that the initiative is a response to the increasing digitalisation of Nigeria’s financial system and the growing complexity of financial transactions. Dated May 20, 2025, and sent to all regulated institutions, the circular outlines new baseline standards for automated AML solutions, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to detect and prevent financial crimes. Banks and other financial institutions have been given 12 months from the final issuance of the standards to comply fully. The new standards are intended to promote efficiency, enhance detection accuracy, and ensure full regulatory compliance with both local guidelines and international frameworks, including those from the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).
The CBN said the draft was informed by a detailed assessment of existing AML tools currently in use across the sector and incorporates best practices from other jurisdictions. It added that stakeholder feedback is being sought to enrich the document, and comments are to be submitted by June 13, 2025. The standards are designed to be comprehensive and will apply to a wide range of institutions regulated by the CBN. This includes deposit money banks, microfinance banks, primary mortgage banks, digital payment service providers, and any other entity that falls under the AML/CFT/CPF regulatory framework.
A central requirement under the new standard is the deployment of intelligent AML systems capable of real-time transaction monitoring and anomaly detection. Institutions are expected to adopt systems that integrate AI and ML for behavioural pattern recognition, risk scoring, and adaptive learning. These tools will help banks detect illicit activity such as large-volume cash transactions, cryptocurrency dealings, and cross-border transfers that may point to money laundering or terrorist financing. Equally important is the ability of AML systems to connect seamlessly with internal platforms such as core banking software, customer onboarding systems, and transaction processors. The draft document specifies that platforms must feature real-time dashboards for reporting, trend analysis, case management, and risk alerts. In addition, systems must be scalable to handle increasing transaction volumes and flexible enough to allow customisation based on specific institutional needs.
The framework places heavy emphasis on customer due diligence (CDD), know-your-customer (KYC) processes, and the newer know-your-customer-business (KYB) approach. AML solutions must offer real-time access to customer identification data and support integration with national identity systems like BVN and NIN to enhance verification. Advanced systems should also be capable of supporting enhanced due diligence procedures and the reclassification of customers based on updated risk assessments. Institutions are expected to maintain synchronised data to ensure that KYC records accurately reflect customer profiles and transactional activity at all times.
As part of the new compliance mandate, institutions must integrate their systems with both domestic and global watchlists, including those used for sanctions screening and identifying politically exposed persons (PEPs). The solutions must support real-time updates of these lists and deploy fuzzy-matching algorithms to catch name variations or spelling differences that could otherwise lead to missed detections. The CBN also expects AML platforms to offer functionality for adverse media screening and allow institutions to maintain internal watchlists. These screening tools must be comprehensive, accurate, and capable of generating real-time alerts that trigger immediate case review or escalation. To address the gap between detection and resolution, the draft mandates the inclusion of enterprise case management (ECM) systems. These ECMs will automate the creation, assignment, and resolution of cases related to flagged transactions. Institutions must implement role-based workflows to ensure oversight and accountability, and all systems must maintain audit trails of actions taken.
For regulatory reporting, the new standards require AML platforms to support the automatic generation and submission of reports such as Suspicious Transaction Reports (STRs), Currency Transaction Reports (CTRs), and Foreign Currency Transaction Reports (FTRs) to the Nigerian Financial Intelligence Unit (NFIU). These reporting features must be backed by data visualisation tools and compliance dashboards that offer real-time insights for both internal and external stakeholders. Also, institutions must implement data protection protocols such as encryption in transit and at rest, multi-factor authentication, and user-access controls based on roles and responsibilities. The CBN also emphasises that AML systems must include comprehensive audit logging to monitor system changes and user activity. In terms of vendor management, financial institutions are required to document vendor relationships, support agreements, and third-party compliance obligations. Where third-party service providers are used, they must adhere to all applicable provisions in the CBN’s standards.
Finance
Afreximbank successfully closed its second Samurai Bond transactions, raising JPY 81.8bn or $527m
African Export-Import Bank said it has successfully closed its second Samurai bond transaction, securing a total of JPY 81.8 billion (approx. USD 527 million) through Regular and Retail Samurai Bonds offerings.
The execution surpasses the Bank’s 2024 debut issuance size, attracting orders from more than 100 institutional and retail investors, marking a renewed demonstration of strong Japanese investor confidence in the Bank’s credit and its growing presence in the yen capital markets.
On 18 November, Afreximbank priced a JPY 45.8 billion 3-year tranche in the Regular Samurai market following a comprehensive sequence of investor engagement activities leveraging Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD9), including Non-Deal Roadshows (NDRs) in Tokyo, Kanazawa, Kyoto, Shiga and Osaka, a Global Investor Call, and a two-day soft-sounding process which tested investor appetite across 2.5-, 3-, 5-, 7-, and 10-year maturities.
With market expectations of a Bank of Japan interest rate increase, investor demand concentrated in shorter tenors, resulting in a focused 3-year tranche during official marketing.
The tranche attracted strong participation from asset managers (22.3%), life insurers (15.3%), regional corporates, and high-net-worth investors (39.7%).
Concurrently, Afreximbank priced its second Retail Samurai bond on 18 November, a JPY 36.0 billion 3-year tranche, more than double the inaugural JPY 14.1 billion Retail Samurai issuance completed in November 2024.
The 2025 Retail Samurai bond also marks the first Retail Samurai bond issued in Japan in 2025.
Following the amendment to Afreximbank’s shelf registration on 7 November 2025, SMBC Nikko conducted an extensive seven-business-day demand survey through its nationwide branch network, followed by a six-business-day bond offering period.
The offering benefited from strong visibility supported by Afreximbank’s investor engagement across the country, including the Bank’s participation at TICAD9, where Afreximbank hosted the Africa Finance Seminar to introduce Multinational Development Bank’s mandate in Africa and its credit profile to key Japanese institutional investors.
MBC Nikko Securities Inc. acted as Sole Lead Manager and Bookrunner for both the Regular and Retail Samurai transactions. Chandi Mwenebungu, Afreximbank’s Managing Director, Treasury & Markets and Group Treasurer, commented:
“We are pleased with the successful completion of our second Samurai bond transactions, which marked a significant increase from our inaugural Retail Samurai bond in 2024, and which reflect the growing depth of our relationship with Japanese investors.
The strong demand, both in the Regular and Retail offerings, demonstrates sustained confidence in Afreximbank’s credit and mandate.
We remain committed to deepening our engagement in the Samurai market through regular investor activities and continued collaboration with our Japanese partners.”
Finance
Ecobank unveils SME bazaar: a festive marketplace for local entrepreneurs
Ecobank Nigeria, a member of Africa’s leading pan-African banking group, has announced the launch of the Ecobank SME Bazaar—a two-weekend festive marketplace designed to celebrate local creativity, empower entrepreneurs, and give Lagos residents a premium shopping experience this Detty December. The Bazaar will hold on 29–30 November and 6–7 December at the Ecobank Pan African Centre (EPAC), Ozumba Mbadiwe Road, Victoria Island, Lagos. Speaking ahead of the event, Omoboye Odu, Head of SMEs, Ecobank Nigeria, reaffirmed the bank’s commitment to supporting small and medium-sized businesses, describing them as the heartbeat of Nigeria’s economy. She explained that the Ecobank SME Bazaar was created to enhance visibility for entrepreneurs, expand market access, and support sustainable business growth.
According to her, “This isn’t just a market—it’s a vibrant hub of culture, commerce, and connection. From fresh farm produce to trendy fashion, handcrafted pieces, lifestyle products, and delicious food and drinks, the Ecobank SME Bazaar promises an unforgettable experience for both shoppers and participating SMEs. Whether you’re shopping for festive gifts, hunting for unique finds, or soaking in the Detty December energy, this is the place to be.” Ms. Odu added that participating businesses will enjoy increased brand exposure, deeper customer engagement, and meaningful networking opportunities—making the Bazaar a strong platform for both festive-season sales and long-term business growth. The event is powered by Ecobank in partnership with TKD Farms, Eko Marche, Leyyow, and other SME-focused organisations committed to building sustainable enterprises.
Finance
16 banks have recapitalised before deadline—CBN
The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has said that16 banks have so far met the new capital requirements for their various licences, some four months before the March 31, 2026 deadline. The apex bank also indicated that 27 other banks have raised capital through various methods in one of the most extensive financial sector reforms since 2004. Addressing journalists at the end of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting in Abuja, CBN Governor Mr Olayemi Cardoso said the banking recapitalisation was going on orderly, consistent with the regulator’s expectations. He said, “We are monitoring developments, and indications show the process is moving in the right direction.” Nigeria has 44 deposit-taking banks, including seven commercial banks with international authorisation, 15 with national authorisation, four with regional authorisation, four non-interest banks, six merchant banks, seven financial holding companies and one representative office.
Cardoso explained that eight commercial banks had met the N500 billion capital requirement as of July 22, 2024, rising to 14 by September of the same year. The number has now increased to 16 as the industry continues to race toward full compliance. He said that the reforms would reinforce the resilience of Nigerian banks both within the country and across the continent. “We are building a financial system that will be fit for purpose for the years ahead. Many Nigerian banks now operate across Africa and have been innovative across different markets. These new buffers will better equip them to manage risks in the multiple jurisdictions where they operate,” Cardoso said. According to him, the reforms would strengthen the financial sector’s capability to support households and businesses. He said, “Ultimately, this benefits Nigerians—our traders, our businesses and our citizens—who operate across those regions. “It should give everyone comfort to know that Nigerian banks with deep local understanding are present to support them. Commercial banks are also creating their own buffers through the ongoing recapitalisation.”
He added that the apex bank considered several factors in determining the new capital thresholds, including prevailing macroeconomic conditions, stress test results and the need for stronger risk buffers. He reassured on the regulator’s commitment to strict oversight as the consolidation progresses. “We will rigorously enforce our ‘fit and proper’ criteria for prospective new shareholders, senior management, and board members of banks, and proactively monitor the integrity of financial statements, adequacy of financial resources, and fair valuation of banks’ post-merger balance sheets,” Cardoso said. He said the CBN remained confident that the banking system would emerge stronger at the conclusion of the recapitalization exercise, with institutions better prepared to support Nigeria’s economic transformation Banks have up till March 31, 2026 to beef up their minimum capital base to the new standard set by the apex bank. Under the new minimum capital base, CBN uses a distinctive definition of the new minimum capital base for each category of banks as the addition of share capital and share premium, as against the previous use of shareholders’ funds.
While most banks have shareholders’ funds in excess of the new minimum capital base, their share premium and share capital significantly fall short of the new minimum definition. The CBN had in March 2024 released its circular on review of minimum capital requirement for commercial, merchant and non-interest banks. The apex bank increased the new minimum capital for commercial banks with international affiliations, otherwise known as mega banks, to N500 billion; commercial banks with national authorisation, N200 billion and commercial banks with regional license, N50 billion. Others included merchant banks, N50 billion; non-interest banks with national license, N20 billion and non-interest banks with regional license will now have N10 billion minimum capital. The 24-month timeline for compliance ends on March 31, 2026. Under the guidelines for the recapitalisation exercise, banks are expected to subject their new equity funds to capital verification before the clearance of the allotment proposal and release of the funds to the bank for onwards completion of the offer process and addition of the new capital to its capital base. The CBN is the final signatory in a tripartite capital verification committee that included the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC). The committee is saddled with scrutinising new funds being raised by banks under the ongoing banking sector recapitalisation exercise.
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