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Nigeria’s PMI climbs to 54.0 in September 2025, business activity expands for 10th consecutive month
Nigeria’s economy continued its upward momentum in September 2025, as the Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) rose to 54.0 points, indicating stronger expansion in business activity across key sectors. According to the latest PMI report released by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), the index increased from 51.7 points in August, marking the tenth consecutive month of expansion. The improvement reflects broad-based growth across the Industry, Services, and Agriculture sectors, reflecting sustained economic resilience in the third quarter of 2025. The Composite PMI growth in September, alongside its three major sectoral indices (Industry, Services, and Agriculture), indicated a healthy improvement in overall economic activity. The report showed strong readings across key indicators: Output Index: 54.8 points; New Orders Index: 53.7 points; Employment Index: 53.4 points; Raw Materials Inventory: 52.9 points, Suppliers’ Delivery Time: 54.6 points. The numbers reflect rising production, higher demand, and faster supply chain performance, suggesting that businesses are operating more efficiently.
Out of 36 subsectors surveyed by the CBN, 28 reported expansions, while only 8 recorded mild contractions. The Forestry subsector recorded the strongest performance with an impressive 73.6 index points, while Nonmetallic Mineral Products posted the sharpest decline to 40.7 index points. The Industry Sector PMI rebounded to 51.4 points in September, up from 49.1 points in August, signaling a return to expansion after briefly contracting in the previous month. Out of 17 industrial subsectors, 11 recorded growth, led by Printing & Related Support Activities (59.4 points), while 6 subsectors showed slight contractions, with Nonmetallic Mineral Products being the weakest at 40.7 points. Key indicators within the sector showed Output: 51.6; Employment: 51.9 points; The Raw Materials Inventory: 51.1 points; Suppliers’ Delivery Time: 54.6 points
Although New Orders (49.4 points) contracted slightly, overall activity remained positive, reflecting better production output and labor engagement. Printing & Related Support Activities recorded the strongest expansion of 59.4 index points among the subsectors, while Nonmetallic Mineral Products posted the most pronounced contraction of 40.7 points during the review period. The Services Sector maintained its solid growth streak for the eighth consecutive month, posting 54.7 points in September. All key indicators expanded: Business Activities (56.3), New Orders (55.1), Employment (54.1), and Inventories (53.2), all showing consistent demand and employment growth in the sector. Out of 14 sub-sectors, 12 recorded expansions, led by Educational Services (65.8 points), while Professional, Scientific & Technical Services saw a mild contraction at 45.6 points.
Agriculture Sector PMI The Agriculture Sector PMI rose to 54.8 points, marking its fourteenth consecutive month of expansion and maintaining its position as the strongest-performing sector. Growth was broad-based, with all five subsectors expanding. Key sub-indices were: General Farming Activities: 55.4 points; New Orders: 55.9 points; Employment: 53.4 points; Raw Materials Inventory: 54.5 points. The Forestry sub-sector led the gains, posting a remarkable 73.6 points, highlighting sustained agricultural strength and its contribution to national output.
Price trends: input and output indices Across all sectors, input prices remained higher than output prices, reflecting persistent cost pressures faced by businesses. Composite Input Price Indices: 64.2 points
Output Price Indices: 59.9 points. Industry Input Price Indices: 63.1 points; Output Price Indices: 58.3 points. Services Input Price Indices: 62.9 points; Output Price Indices: 60.7 points. Agriculture
Input Price Indices: 68.4points; Output Price Indices: 60.2 points
The Agriculture Sector recorded the highest input costs, while the Services sector posted the highest output prices for the month. Conversely, the Services sector had the lowest input price pressure, and the Industry Sector had the lowest output prices in September. Why it matters The PMI is a key indicator of economic health, as readings above 50 signify expansion. Nigeria’s 54.0 reading in September indicates continued improvement in output, new orders, and employment. This sustained expansion is a positive sign for investors and policymakers, pointing to growing business confidence, improved supply chain efficiency, and a stable macroeconomic environment as the country heads into the final quarter of 2025. With strong performances across agriculture, services, and industrial activities, Nigeria’s economic outlook remains upbeat, signaling that the country’s post-tightening recovery momentum is gaining ground.
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Nigeria–China tech deal to boost jobs, skills, local opportunities
A new technology transfer agreement between the Nigeria–China Strategic Partnership (NCSP) and the Presidential Implementation Committee on Technology Transfer (PICTT) is expected to open more job opportunities, improve local skills, and expand access to advanced technology for ordinary Nigerians.
In a press statement reaching Vanguard on Friday, the MoU aims to strengthen industrial development, support local content, and create clearer pathways for Nigerians to benefit from China’s growing investments in the country.
PICTT Chairman, Dr Dahiru Mohammed, said the partnership will immediately begin coordinated programmes that support local participation in infrastructure and industrial projects.
Special Adviser to the President on Industry, Trade and Investment, Mr John Uwajumogu, said the deal will help attract high value investments that can stimulate job creation and strengthen Nigeria’s economy.
NCSP Head of International Relations, Ms Judy Melifonwu, highlighted that Nigerians stand to gain from expanded STEM scholarships, technical training, access to modern technology, and collaboration across key sectors including steel, agriculture, automobile parks, and cultural industries.
The NCSP Director-General reaffirmed the organisation’s commitment to measurable results, noting that the partnership with PICTT will prioritise initiatives that deliver direct national impact.
The MoU signals a new phase of Nigeria–China cooperation focused on practical delivery, local content, and opportunities that improve everyday livelihoods.
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EU hits Meta with antitrust probe over plans to block AI rivals from WhatsApp
EU regulators launched an antitrust investigation into Meta Platforms on Thursday over its rollout of artificial intelligence features in its WhatsApp messenger that would block rivals, hardening Europe’s already tough stance on Big Tech. The move, reported earlier by Reuters and the Financial Times, is the latest action by European Union regulators against large technology firms such as Amazon and Alphabet’s Google as the bloc seeks to balance support for the sector with efforts to curb its expanding influence.
Europe’s tough stance – a marked contrast to more lenient U.S. regulation – has sparked an industry pushback, particularly by U.S. tech titans, and led to criticism from the administration of U. S. President Donald Trump. The European Commission said that the investigation will look into Meta’s new policy that would limit other AI providers’ access to WhatsApp, a potential boost for its own Meta AI system integrated into the platform earlier this year.
EU antitrust chief Teresa Ribera said the move was to prevent dominant firms from “abusing their power to crowd out innovative competitors”. She added interim measures could be imposed to block Meta’s new WhatsApp AI policy rollout. “AI markets are booming in Europe and beyond,” she said. This is why we are investigating if Meta’s new policy might be illegal under competition rules, and whether we should act quickly to prevent any possible irreparable harm to competition in the AI space.”
A WhatsApp spokesperson called the claims “baseless”, adding that the emergence of chatbots on its platforms had put a “strain on our systems that they were not designed to support”, a reference to AI systems from other providers. “Still, the AI space is highly competitive and people have access to the services of their choice in any number of ways, including app stores, search engines, email services, partnership integrations, and operating systems.” The EU was the first in the world to establish a comprehensive legal framework for AI, setting out guardrails for AI systems and rules for certain high-risk applications in the AI Act.
Meta AI, a chatbot and virtual assistant, has been built into WhatsApp’s interface across European markets since March. The Commission said a new policy fully applicable from January 15, 2026, may block competing AI providers from reaching customers via the platform. Ribera said the probe came on the back of complaints from small AI developers about the WhatsApp policy. The Interaction Company of California, which has developed AI assistant Poke.com, has taken its grievance to the EU competition enforcer. Spanish AI startup Luzia has also talked to the Commission, a person with knowledge of the matter said.
Marvin von Hagen, co-founder and CEO of The Interaction Company of California, said if Meta was allowed to roll out its new policy, “millions of European consumers will be deprived of the possibility of enjoying new and innovative AI assistants”. Meta also risks a fine of as much as 10% of its global annual turnover if found guilty of breaching EU antitrust rules.
Italy’s antitrust watchdog opened a parallel investigation in July into allegations that Meta leveraged its market power by integrating an AI tool into WhatsApp, expanding the probe in November to examine whether Meta further abused its dominance by blocking rival AI chatbots from the messaging platform. The antitrust probe is a more traditional means of investigation than the EU’s Digital Markets Act, the bloc’s landmark legislation currently used to scrutinize Amazon’s and Microsoft’s cloud services for potential curbs. Reuters
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Billionaires are inheriting record levels of wealth, UBS report finds
The spouses and children of billionaires inherited more wealth in 2025 than in any previous year since reporting began in 2015, according to UBS’s Billionaire Ambitions Report published on Thursday. In the 12 months to April, 91 people became billionaires through inheritance, collectively receiving $298 billion, up more than a third from 2024, the Swiss bank said. “These heirs are proof of a multi-year wealth transfer that’s intensifying,” UBS executive Benjamin Cavalli said.
The report is based on a survey of some of UBS’s super-rich clients and a database that tracks the wealth of billionaires across 47 markets in all world regions. At least $5.9 trillion will be inherited by billionaire children over the next 15 years, the bank calculates.
Most of this inheritance growth is set to take place in the United States, with India, France, Germany and Switzerland next on the list, UBS estimated. However, billionaires are highly mobile, especially younger ones, which could change that picture, it added. The search for a better quality of life, geopolitical concerns and tax considerations are driving decisions to relocate, according to the report.
In Switzerland, where $206 billion will be inherited over the next 15 years according to the bank, voters on Sunday overwhelmingly rejected 50 per cent tax on inherited fortunes of $62 million or more, after critics said it could trigger an exodus of wealthy people.
Switzerland, the UAE, the U.S. and Singapore are among billionaires’ preferred destinations, UBS’s Cavalli said. “In Switzerland, Sunday’s vote may have helped to increase the country’s appeal again,” he said. Reuters
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