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Scrap BDCs and save Naira from continued devaluation (2)

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By Omoh Gabriel
Last week in this column I said in there was no need to continue the sale of foreign exchange by the Central Bank of Nigeria to Bureau De Change in the country as it was no longer tenable. Little did I know then that the CBN was going to act fast on it. But before that evening press conference by the CBN Governor, I received several calls, some accusing me of working for some vested interest, while others were threats of possible reprisals. The curious thing is that some of the calls were from politicians who have been beneficiaries of the scam. The truth is that these are self serving individuals whose only interest is their pockets and stomachs.
From private investigation, operators of some of the BDC were in unholy alliance with politician to defraud the nation of its foreign exchange. At the height of the racket that was going on, Bureau De Change operators simply collect the passport of several individuals and use them as evidence of customers who purchase forex from them in making returns to CBN. But with the introduction of the Biometric Verification Number, a good number just relied on their political affiliates to do the needed documentation.
The question Nigerians should be asking is why should a business enterprise be established only on the basis that the government must supply its goods or raw materials, especially when the government does not make these products? Bureaux De Change were licensed to sell foreign currencies to Nigerians. The supply was from CBN. CBN does not mint foreign currencies. It only keeps it on behalf of the Nigerian people, the foreign currencies the nation earned and monetised. BDCs were buying foreign exchange from the CBN at N197 but sold at N270.
The actions of the operators defeated the purpose of government not willing to devalue the Naira. The strong value of the local currency intended by government in the interest of the economy and its citizens was not reaching Nigerians. It is as if the fuel subsidy saga was playing out again in the foreign exchange market. What value were these BDCs adding to the currencies they were selling? None! If BDCs were earning foreign exchange from their services and selling same at their own price, as is the case with exporters, it would have been a different story. The operators of Bureaux De Change simply used their privileged positions and access to power that be to rip off Nigerians.
If in the past there were sincere and genuine operators of BDC, the arbitrage opportunity between the official rate and the parallel market rate attracted many unscrupulous persons into the BDC business. According to CBN figures before the apex bank started selling foreign exchange to BDCs, there were only 74 operators in 2005. In the 10 years since CBN started foreign exchange sales to BDCs, the number has grown to 2,800 with 150 applications for licenses every month. CBN record showed that it used to allocate $8.6 billion to BDCs per annum. This amount could be put to better use and reallocated to raw materials, plants, equipment, fuel imports, BTA/PTA.
As of today, the economy is being starved of forex but operators of BDCs are smiling to their banks. They have long become centres of round tripping. A curious look at these BDCs showed that there are over 2,800 of them across the country, mostly owned by highly influential Nigerians. They were more than 5,000 before the CBN pruned down the number. They simply buy foreign exchange from the CBN for themselves. Those who are not keeping the foreign exchange purchased from the CBN at home are sending them out through neighbouring countries.
If these speculators are taken out of the market, the real forex need of Nigerians will drop considerably. It is abnormal that CBN is selling foreign exchange to BDCs. From available records, Nigeria is perhaps the only country in the world where the Central Bank sells foreign exchange directly to BDCs. Banks have long been known as financial intermediaries, individuals and corporate bodies direct their financial needs to banks. Through the banks there is usually appropriate documentation. Nigerians that are avoiding official channels complain of the rigour of documentation and seek refuge in BDCs.
If banks can cater for Basic Travelling Allowance of $1000-5000 of Nigerians, why should any true businessman not want to source his foreign exchange from the bank? It is simply for dubious reasons. The continued depreciation of the Naira is due to scarcity of foreign exchange in the market but there is huge amount of forex in the hands of currency speculators. Banks are finding it increasingly difficult to sell foreign exchange to those with genuine needs.
It is now a common knowledge that Nigeria earn over 90 per cent of its foreign exchange, from crude oil sales kept in the Central purse, known as external reserve, by the CBN . Nigeria earn dollar from sale of crude oil. This is converted into Naira and distributed among the three tiers of government. The dollar equivalent which is converted into Naira is kept in the reserve for those who need to buy things from abroad and who have reason to travel. But as times goes with rising inflation Nigerians with a bid to store value in a stable currency were increasingly buy forex from Bureaux De Change and storing them in their houses or their accounts.
They started making the Nigeria economy a dollar based economy. Prices were being quoted in dollars and local banks account were swelling with dollar denominated domiciliary accounts. This was sustainable while the prices of crude were high. The nation at the time had enough foreign exchange in its reserve and the impact of the activities of these unpatriotic Nigerians were not being felt.
Unfortunately for Nigeria oil prices have since collapsed and have fallen from an average of $116 per barrel in June 2014 to $32 per barrel in January 13, 2016, representing a decline of over 70 per cent. As if this is not bad enough, there are predictions that crude prices could fall as low as $10. If Nigeria does not embark on foreign exchange saving measures and the price crumbles to $10 per barrel, there will simply be nothing left in the foreign exchange reserve.
Data available in the CBN and The National Bureau of Statistics indicates that when oil prices were high, Nigeria was earning about $3.2 billion monthly, which were inflow into the nation’s external reserve every month. But as at January 2016, indications are that the foreign exchange inflow into the nation will be less than $1 billion monthly. This is a far cry from what the nation needs for its trade and investment.
What many Nigerians do not seem to know is that Nigeria’s import bill, which used to be N148 billion per month in 2005 is now about N920 billion. Nigeria is certainly in a very difficult position and is not in any good stead to fritter away what it has now in the name of few selfish individuals.
This government came into power with the mantra of change. If this change is to impact positively on the economy and thus the life of ordinary Nigerians, politicians and every Nigerian must come to terms that it can not be business as usual and given the difficult economic situation the nation is grappling with, the CBN must out of necessity prioritise the allocation of the scarce foreign exchange that is available to various groups/goods/services to save the economy from further deterioration.
Nigerians must be aware of the fact that the current BDCs scandal is much similar to the rise in number to the ugly situation that happened in the oil industry when the number of oil marketers rose sharply from under 20 to almost 150 in the height of the fuel subsidy scam.

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Decemberissaveybe: Firstbank sponsors “the caveman concert” thrills audience 

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By Oladapo Sofowora
 
December is a particularly vibrant and deeply meaningful month in Nigeria, imbued with a palpable sense of excitement and celebration that permeates the air. As daily life slows down, this festive season offers a welcome opportunity for relaxation and togetherness. Families and friends gather to create cherished memories, participating in a rich tapestry of cultural activities that showcase Nigeria’s diverse heritage. The month is characterized by a colourful array of events, including theatrical plays, musical concerts, traditional festivals, operas, fashion shows, poetry readings, and various forms of performance arts, all reflecting the dynamic cultural expressions of Nigerian society.
 As December unfolds, the excitement continues to build, with streets and homes becoming vibrant displays of holiday spirit. Elaborate decorations adorn every corner, featuring colourful Christmas ornaments, twinkling lights, and festive paraphernalia that evoke a sense of wonder and joy. Evening skies light up with breathtaking fireworks, illuminating the night and further enhancing the joyous mood of the season. Year-end Thanksgiving parties have become commonplace, offering spaces for loved ones to gather, share meals, and express gratitude for the blessings and experiences of the past year. This period also allows Nigerians to reconnect with family and friends, many of whom travel from various parts of the globe to partake in these significant celebrations.
 As the year-end festivities for 2024 draw near, FirstBank has thoughtfully curated an exhilarating lineup of events under the DecemberIssaVybe program, aimed at enhancing the enjoyment of this festive season. A highlight of this initiative is the much-anticipated concert featuring The Cavemen, a celebrated musical duo. Which was held on Friday, December 27, 2024, at Muri Okunola Park, located along the bustling Lekki-Epe Expressway, the event brought Lagos to life with a captivating performance that seamlessly blends highlife, soul, and folk music. Attendees enjoyed an engaging experience filled with mesmerizing sounds for over an hour, keeping them on their feet and immersed in the rhythm.
 The atmosphere at the concert was electrifying, drawing a diverse crowd of enthusiastic youth eager to experience The Cavemen’s unique interpretation of highlife music—a genre deeply rooted in Nigerian culture and characterized by its rich, rhythmic beats and soulful melodies. The concert also featured an impressive lineup of other notable artists, such as the popular act Ckay, who collectively contributed to a night filled with remarkable entertainment and unforgettable performances. The stage witnessed a pulsation of energy as The Cavemen’s talented band propelled the evening forward, delivering an infectious performance marked by masterfully executed guitar riffs, powerful drumming, and enchanting vocals. Audiences found themselves wholly absorbed in the moment, as the music unites them in joy and celebration, showcasing the revitalization and redefinition of the highlife genre that The Cavemen have pioneered.
In addition to the music, the concert artfully integrates comedic performances, highlighting the vibrant and diverse creative entertainment scene in Africa. Acclaimed comedians took to the stage, drawing laughter and delight from the crowd, while emerging music also had their moment in the spotlight, receiving enthusiastic applause and encouragement from an appreciative audience. Recognising the profound impact of December in nurturing relationships and spreading joy, FirstBank has actively engaged its First@arts initiative to launch the annual DecemberIssaVybe campaign. This initiative is meticulously crafted to inspire and empower individuals across Nigeria to create and experience exhilarating moments throughout this joyous season. By providing fully sponsored access to premium concerts, theatrical performances, shows, and festivals featuring some of the industry’s top entertainers, FirstBank aims to alleviate the financial burdens that often accompany festive celebrations.
 In a time marked by economic uncertainty, FirstBank stands as a crucial support system for Nigerians wishing to celebrate without the weight of added financial stress. With a proud legacy spanning over 130 years, this esteemed financial institution has woven itself into the fabric of Nigerian life. FirstBank has long championed numerous festive concerts showcasing Africa’s music icons, including Kizz Daniel, Davido, Burna Boy, Asake, and Tiwa Savage, crafting unforgettable experiences for music aficionados across the nation.
The DecemberIssaVybe campaign encapsulates the essence of creating lasting memories during this festive season. It serves as a dynamic platform for both local and international audiences to immerse themselves in unique, culturally rich experiences tailored to the holiday spirit. Since its inception in 2018, the FirstBankIssaVybe campaign has quickly become a highly anticipated annual event, delighting participants with exhilarating moments designed to resonate and linger long after the celebrations are over. Olayinka Ijabiyi, the Acting Group Head of Marketing & Corporate Communications at FirstBank, emphasized the institution’s unwavering commitment to crafting a ‘Wow December to Remember’ experience for individuals of all ages. He stated, “FirstBank is devoted to facilitating memorable homecoming experiences this December through gatherings such as weddings, family reunions, and festive celebrations, ensuring that every moment spent together is cherished.” Through this commitment, FirstBank continues to play a pivotal role in the celebration of culture and community during this significant time of year.

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Deadly rice stampedes: Suppose President Tinubu bans rice?

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By Ikeddy ISIGUZO
Once President Bola Ahmed Tinubu addresses Nigerians it is clear that his silence is actually golden, as it gives chances to guess what the President feels about ordinary Nigerians, the hungry, the poor, the weak, those excluded from Tinubu’s concerns because they are not rich. The President rushing in with a media chat, after 18 months in office, and days after the “poverty stampede” in Ibadan, where mainly children died, was thought to be an opportunity to explain to Nigerians, elicit their support as they go through a crushing economic crisis that the President gloats about as if the entire purpose of his policies is to inflict pains. The deaths in Ibadan that were over 35, were followed by similar incidents in a church in Abuja, and an individual’s event in Okija. The deaths resulted from free distribution of rice to the needy. Poverty once personal, private, is now public, and deadly.
Just blame rice.
Are opponents using free rice to distract the President from focusing on his economic policies? The President should ban rice for more clarity. No rice, no stampede, no deaths. One of my teachers said the solution to headache was decapitation – no head, no headache, or any ache for that matter.
We remember Tinubu promised Nigerians “agbado (corn) and cassava”. Not rice. More people have fallen into poverty without the President’s permission. Should they? Could this account for the President not knowing about them? What really does the President know about Nigerians?
Does he know that more people would have died if they knew of these events? Food is beyond the reach of ordinary Nigerians. Tinubu does not feel the impact of his harsh economic practices of lavish spending on presidential consumptions, unproductive as they are. Some call the spendings reckless.
Would you blame them? In the midst of a drifting economy, soaring inflation, no jobs, hunger, anger, capped with insecurity, the President bought jets, including one for the Vice President, and maintains a bloated cabinet.
He used the presidential chat as a platform to defend his Ministers. They are performing. He sounded as if he needed more people like the bunch that maintains a distance from the daily challenges people face.
For the President to see “switching off things” as the solution to poor electricity supply – and the frequency with which the national grid collapses – was one indication that governance has become a joke. When the Minister of Power, months ago, held the same position on electricity, the public tore him to shreds. The Minister apologise. Tinubu blamed the organisers for the stampede, “I see this as a very great error on the part of the organisers.” He said he had been giving out foodstuffs, including envelopes, smoothly at his Bourdillon residence in the past 25 years. “If you do not have enough to give, don’t publicise it,” he advised organisers.
The organisers too are poor, and have no Bourdillon pedigrees. These things count.
Do not expect Tinubu to blame the new wave of incremental poverty his hope agenda has renewed. He did not. He will not. If Tinubu halts the slide to absolute poverty for more Nigerians, there would be no deadly rice stampedes, and no organisers to blame. Other Nigerians have organised these events for years without incidents. Large crowds would turn up and go home home safely. Was it not rice they shared? What is the difference now? People are out searching for something to eat, anything. Even if “pure water” is being shared, there will be stampede. Our people are living by the minute.
They have lost hope. Nigerians have no assurance that someone cares about their efforts to survive. Millions of our compatriots are ready to do anything to survive. While at it, insecurity is not allowing them to breathe.
Sadly, more of our people are falling into crimes with the times.
Employment opportunities are shrinking. The few jobs available are for relations of those in power, the rich, the very rich, the same ones who accuse us of greed. Do they have a different meaning for greed?
Last October, the Senate President, His Excellency Obong Godswill Akpabio on the floor of the Senate advised poor Nigerians, “Times are difficult, wherever you see free food, please endeavour to avail yourself”. Could the people have followed Akpabio’s perspective of the solution to poverty and the hard times? Mocking the poor is Akpabio’s favourite idea of enlivening Senate sessions.
“The prayer is that, let the poor breathe, and Senator Mustapha has seconded that the poor should breathe. Those who are in support of the additional prayer that the poor should be allowed to breathe, say ‘ayes’ and those who are against say ‘nay,’” Akpabio had said in July 2023 during a debate on the 15 per cent hike of electricity tariff. “The ayes have it! The poor must be allowed to breathe,” Akpabio concluded.
At a Niger Delta Development Commission event in July 2024, Akpabio mocked those who called for demonstration over the economic hardship. “Those who want to protest can protest, but let us be there eating,” the former Akwa Ibom State Governor had said. In Tinubu’s 18 months, poverty has pole-vaulted to dizzy heights that left Nigerians dazed.
The only thing worse is the President’s spectacular performances when addressing his failure to rein in inflation as he drives the economy with the enthusiasm of kids playing with new toys. People are hungry. Some people around the President call poor, hungry Nigerians “greedy”. Someone looking for what to eat is greedy? Have we fallen so low to justify the President’s unwillingness to accept that the problem is well beyond him?
Is he using his uncaring attitude as a buffer? He is the bigger problem by refusing to engage the people. Rather, he talks down on them when he decides to talk, well aware that he has nothing to say.

Take the tax bills, for instance, they have their merits. Tinubu thinks it is beneath him to discuss issues the radical bills raise. He sneers, the bills will be passed. He takes responsibility for nothing. Tinubu sounds like Rik Rok and Shaggy in their famous 2000 hit song, “It Wasn’t Me”. The President provides answers without addressing our concerns. The answers are always dismissive. The major lesson of 2024 is that Nigerians have to continue looking after themselves. It may even annoy those who are just discovering that they cannot decide when we should stop breathing.
Happy New Year, that is peaceful – prosperity will follow peace.
Finally… INFLATION to crash from 34.6% to 15% in 12 months, is what the President has promised in 2025. Safe trip, Mr. President.
FEDEERAL Capital Territory Minister Ezewoke Nyesom Wike said of those who accuse him of land grabbing, “Peo­ple say land grabbing, do you grab what you are in charge of? I am in charge of land in Abuja how will I go and grab what I am in charge of? Those, who are grabbing land are whom I am dealing with”. Wike, at the Port Harcourt event where he spoke, did not forget to call Governor Sim Fubara, “this boy”.
*ISIGUZO is a major commentator on minor issues

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Building a stronger Nigeria through health, transparency, human rights

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By Ambassador Richard M. Mills, U.S. Ambassador to Nigeria
Every December, we mark three international observances that are at the heart of the U.S.-Nigeria partnership: World AIDS Day, International Anti-Corruption Day, and Human Rights Day.  While distinct, these commemorations underscore a simple truth – Nigeria’s path forward requires progress on health, good governance, and human rights.  The United States remains your steadfast partner on this journey. For two decades, the United States has stood with Nigeria in the fight against HIV/AIDS under the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR).  The U.S. government has invested more than $8.3 billion in Nigeria’s health sector and provided life-saving anti-retroviral treatment to more than 1.5 million people.  These numbers represent improved life expectancy and quality of life for these Nigerians and their families.  In clinics across Nigeria, I’ve met dedicated healthcare workers who deliver HIV prevention, treatment, and care, supported by the resources of the American people.  This work has done more than save lives – using HIV as an entry point, Nigeria’s health system has also benefited.  
As Nigeria’s health system is strengthened, this important work will be led by government and engagement with the private sector to sustain the gains.  This commitment was reinforced during Ambassador Nkengasong’s recent visit, where his discussions with Nigerian health officials focused on how the Government of Nigeria would sustain the HIV health programs with strengthened Nigerian leadership and local ownership. But positive health outcomes depend critically on good governance.  When medical supplies are diverted, when healthcare workers go unpaid, when facilities buy dangerous, counterfeit medications or lack resources due to mismanaged funds, it costs lives. 
This is why the United States supports numerous initiatives, not only in the health sector, to enhance transparency and accountability in Nigeria.  Our programs work directly with government agencies and civil society organizations to strengthen fiscal responsibility with the goal of the state ensuring resources reach their intended beneficiaries.
The success of these efforts rests on respect for human rights and civic engagement.  When members of marginalized communities face discrimination in accessing healthcare, when citizens fear reporting blatant corruption like the need to pay for appointments or ‘free’ healthcare, or when vulnerable populations cannot advocate for their needs, development falters.  Through our partnership with Nigeria, we promote the rights of every person to access essential services and enjoy fundamental freedoms without fear or discrimination. These three areas – health, transparency, and human rights – reinforce each other. 
Consider the results: U.S.-supported initiatives have helped strengthen pharmaceutical supply chains, reducing theft and ensuring safe medicines reach patients.  Our human rights programming has empowered civil society organizations to advocate for marginalized communities, leading to better access to health services.  Our health system investments have created platforms for transparency that benefit all sectors.  And, perhaps most importantly, according to a recent survey by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Nigerians are both more frequently refusing to pay bribes and reporting bribe seekers to investigative journalists and rule of law authorities.  A shift in norms is beginning to take root and must continue.    
 The U.S. Embassy stands ready to support Nigerian voices pressing the fight against corruption in Nigeria.  To Nigeria’s government officials, civil society leaders, healthcare workers, and citizens:  your dedication to building a stronger nation inspires us.  Together, we can continue to advance the interconnected goals of better health outcomes, good governance, and human rights for all Nigerians.  Challenges remain, but the work we’ve done together shows what could be possible on a larger scale across these crucial domains. As we mark these December observances, let us use this moment not just for reflection, but for renewed commitment and action.  The United States continues to stand with the Nigerian people as they carry out this essential work with their elected government.
*Ambassador Richard M. Mills is U.S. Ambassador to Nigeria

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