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CBN to deny some banks access to it discount facility

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By Omoh Gabriel
The Central Bank of Nigeria has said that banks found to be involved in unwholesome asset trading will be denied access to the recently introduced discount window opened to assist banks that may run into financial crisis as a result of the global financial melt down. The CBN in the wake of the global financial melt down expanded its discount window to give life line to banks that may be facing cash flow problems by buying some of their financial instruments a little lower than their face value.
The apex bank in its guide line to the operation of the “discount window” said that the facility is to be approached by banks “on a last resort basis only” that is when all other sources of raising money has failed.
Giving conditions in which a bank or a discount house could be denied access to the facility the CBN stated “In particular, institutions may be denied access to the Discount Window in the following circumstances: if the Bank observes an act of undue rate arbitrage in the operations of the institution’s dealings; if an institution is found to have contravened the provisions of the Bank’s monetary and credit policy guidelines; if the Bank discovers that the institution has been over-trading or engaged in undue mismatch of its assets and liabilities; if there is contravention of the clearing houses rules; if there is any contravention or non-observance of provisions of the prudential guidelines; and If a bank or a discount house under a holding action fails to comply with the provisions of the holding action”.
According to the guideline “All banks and discount houses shall have direct access to the facility but the CBN “through its Banking Operations Department shall exercise good judgment and discretion in the administration of the “Discount Window” in order to ensure that its objectives are met”.
The CBN further said “Deposit Money Banks and Discount Houses shall access the Discount Window only on secured basis. Any credit must therefore be fully and adequately collateralised by eligible securities instruments which the CBN listed as Nigerian Treasury Bills; Nigerian Treasury Certificates; FGN Bonds; NDIC Accommodation Bills; States Government Bonds; Banker’s Acceptances/Guaranteed Commercial Papers/Promissory Notes.
According to the apex bank “Deposit Money Banks and Discount Houses may use the “Window” to obtain liquidity from the CBN via The sale of securities for immediate payment and the commitment by seller to buy back the securities at a later date under an agreed term or collateralized loans against eligible instruments. Such “Repo” credit from the “Window” shall be for a period not exceeding one year. Collateralised loans shall be on an overnight basis through standing lending facilities. Credits at the DW must be with eligible instruments whose tenor shall not exceed one year. In other words, such instruments shall be those qualifying for secondary market operations with the CBN. Credits by way of an advance or outright borrowing must be fully secured by eligible instruments.
The eligible instruments at the DW will be rated appropriately and in line with the
prevailing economic conditions and the financial well being of the issuer of the
security.
“Advances or outright borrowing at the DW whilst adequately secured shall be priced
appropriately and the applicable rate of interest will be governed by the prevailing
economic and market conditions. In any event, such advances shall attract a rate of
interest at the Bank’s MPR plus a margin determined at the discretion of the CBN.
Any other instrument that may be approved by the CBN from time to time.
“The first three instruments are securities issued by the Federal Government of Nigeria,
while the others are the non-federal government securities. It must be noted that not all non federal government instruments will have automatic eligibility at the DW. The Bank will
maintain a list of the eligible instruments for DW operations. DMBs/DHs will be required to satisfy certain prescribed conditions as contained in the Annexure to this paper, in order to have eligibility conferred on their instruments. Consideration for applications from prospective eligible authorized dealers will be open-ended.
“This Guideline is issued by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in exercise of its statutory
powers under section 30 of the CBN Act 2007.
Under the Guidelines, the Bank hereby expands its discount window operations in order
to allow more robust processes of injection and absorption of excess liquidity in the
money market. The expanded discount window is introduced to admit non-federal government instruments as eligible securities. It is also to ensure that the tenor of liquidity provided under the discount window operations is extended from overnight to maturities of up to 360 days”.
It said “Following the liberalization of the financial markets and the need to deepen the
securities market, the Central Bank of Nigeria in exercise of its statutory powers hereby
expands the Bank’s Discount Window operations. This is through the admittance of non federal government instruments. It also involves extending the tenor of liquidity provided
through the discount window from overnight to maturities of up to 360 days. These additional initiatives are expected to engender a more efficient and effective financial resource flows and intermediation. However, the basic policy thrust in the administration of the Discount Window (DW) would remain that of the Central Bank of Nigeria acting as a lender of last resort in relieving liquidity shortages and absorbing excess liquidity in the banking system.
The Central Bank of Nigeria (the Bank) recognizes that open market operations are the
primary means of effecting changes in the overall level of bank reserves and the interest rates in the inter-bank market. It will, therefore, continue to employ open market operations in the adjustment of reserves. Nevertheless, the DW is expected to serve as a supplementary adjustment mechanism, especially for the institutions which may be facing liquidity imbalances. It must be realized that access to the DW has the implication of creating reserves, and reserves should be created circumspectly if monetary control objectives are to be constantly placed in adequate perspective.

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Afreximbank successfully closed its second Samurai Bond transactions, raising JPY 81.8bn or $527m

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African Export-Import Bank said it has successfully closed its second Samurai bond transaction, securing a total of JPY 81.8 billion (approx. USD 527 million) through Regular and Retail Samurai Bonds offerings.

The execution surpasses the Bank’s 2024 debut issuance size, attracting orders from more than 100 institutional and retail investors, marking a renewed demonstration of strong Japanese investor confidence in the Bank’s credit and its growing presence in the yen capital markets.

On 18 November, Afreximbank priced a JPY 45.8 billion 3-year tranche in the Regular Samurai market following a comprehensive sequence of investor engagement activities leveraging Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD9), including Non-Deal Roadshows (NDRs) in Tokyo, Kanazawa, Kyoto, Shiga and Osaka, a Global Investor Call, and a two-day soft-sounding process which tested investor appetite across 2.5-, 3-, 5-, 7-, and 10-year maturities.

With market expectations of a Bank of Japan interest rate increase, investor demand concentrated in shorter tenors, resulting in a focused 3-year tranche during official marketing.

The tranche attracted strong participation from asset managers (22.3%), life insurers (15.3%), regional corporates, and high-net-worth investors (39.7%).

Concurrently, Afreximbank priced its second Retail Samurai bond on 18 November, a JPY 36.0 billion 3-year tranche, more than double the inaugural JPY 14.1 billion Retail Samurai issuance completed in November 2024.

The 2025 Retail Samurai bond also marks the first Retail Samurai bond issued in Japan in 2025.

Following the amendment to Afreximbank’s shelf registration on 7 November 2025, SMBC Nikko conducted an extensive seven-business-day demand survey through its nationwide branch network, followed by a six-business-day bond offering period.

The offering benefited from strong visibility supported by Afreximbank’s investor engagement across the country, including the Bank’s participation at TICAD9, where Afreximbank hosted the Africa Finance Seminar to introduce Multinational Development Bank’s mandate in Africa and its credit profile to key Japanese institutional investors.

MBC Nikko Securities Inc. acted as Sole Lead Manager and Bookrunner for both the Regular and Retail Samurai transactions. Chandi Mwenebungu, Afreximbank’s Managing Director, Treasury & Markets and Group Treasurer, commented:

“We are pleased with the successful completion of our second Samurai bond transactions, which marked a significant increase from our inaugural Retail Samurai bond in 2024, and which reflect the growing depth of our relationship with Japanese investors.

The strong demand, both in the Regular and Retail offerings, demonstrates sustained confidence in Afreximbank’s credit and mandate.

We remain committed to deepening our engagement in the Samurai market through regular investor activities and continued collaboration with our Japanese partners.”

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Ecobank unveils SME bazaar: a festive marketplace for local entrepreneurs

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Ecobank Nigeria, a member of Africa’s leading pan-African banking group, has announced the launch of the Ecobank SME Bazaar—a two-weekend festive marketplace designed to celebrate local creativity, empower entrepreneurs, and give Lagos residents a premium shopping experience this Detty December. The Bazaar will hold on 29–30 November and 6–7 December at the Ecobank Pan African Centre (EPAC), Ozumba Mbadiwe Road, Victoria Island, Lagos. Speaking ahead of the event, Omoboye Odu, Head of SMEs, Ecobank Nigeria, reaffirmed the bank’s commitment to supporting small and medium-sized businesses, describing them as the heartbeat of Nigeria’s economy. She explained that the Ecobank SME Bazaar was created to enhance visibility for entrepreneurs, expand market access, and support sustainable business growth.
According to her, “This isn’t just a market—it’s a vibrant hub of culture, commerce, and connection. From fresh farm produce to trendy fashion, handcrafted pieces, lifestyle products, and delicious food and drinks, the Ecobank SME Bazaar promises an unforgettable experience for both shoppers and participating SMEs. Whether you’re shopping for festive gifts, hunting for unique finds, or soaking in the Detty December energy, this is the place to be.” Ms. Odu added that participating businesses will enjoy increased brand exposure, deeper customer engagement, and meaningful networking opportunities—making the Bazaar a strong platform for both festive-season sales and long-term business growth. The event is powered by Ecobank in partnership with TKD Farms, Eko Marche, Leyyow, and other SME-focused organisations committed to building sustainable enterprises.

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16 banks have recapitalised before deadline—CBN

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The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has said that16 banks have so far met the new capital requirements for their various licences, some four months before the March 31, 2026 deadline. The apex bank also indicated that 27 other banks have raised capital through various methods in one of the most extensive financial sector reforms since 2004. Addressing journalists at the end of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting in Abuja, CBN Governor Mr Olayemi Cardoso said the banking recapitalisation was going on orderly, consistent with the regulator’s expectations. He said, “We are monitoring developments, and indications show the process is moving in the right direction.” Nigeria has 44 deposit-taking banks, including seven commercial banks with international authorisation, 15 with national authorisation, four with regional authorisation, four non-interest banks, six merchant banks, seven financial holding companies and one representative office.
Cardoso explained that eight commercial banks had met the N500 billion capital requirement as of July 22, 2024, rising to 14 by September of the same year. The number has now increased to 16 as the industry continues to race toward full compliance. He said that the reforms would reinforce the resilience of Nigerian banks both within the country and across the continent. “We are building a financial system that will be fit for purpose for the years ahead. Many Nigerian banks now operate across Africa and have been innovative across different markets. These new buffers will better equip them to manage risks in the multiple jurisdictions where they operate,” Cardoso said. According to him, the reforms would strengthen the financial sector’s capability to support households and businesses. He said, “Ultimately, this benefits Nigerians—our traders, our businesses and our citizens—who operate across those regions. “It should give everyone comfort to know that Nigerian banks with deep local understanding are present to support them. Commercial banks are also creating their own buffers through the ongoing recapitalisation.”
He added that the apex bank considered several factors in determining the new capital thresholds, including prevailing macroeconomic conditions, stress test results and the need for stronger risk buffers. He reassured on the regulator’s commitment to strict oversight as the consolidation progresses. “We will rigorously enforce our ‘fit and proper’ criteria for prospective new shareholders, senior management, and board members of banks, and proactively monitor the integrity of financial statements, adequacy of financial resources, and fair valuation of banks’ post-merger balance sheets,” Cardoso said. He said the CBN remained confident that the banking system would emerge stronger at the conclusion of the recapitalization exercise, with institutions better prepared to support Nigeria’s economic transformation Banks have up till March 31, 2026 to beef up their minimum capital base to the new standard set by the apex bank. Under the new minimum capital base, CBN uses a distinctive definition of the new minimum capital base for each category of banks as the addition of share capital and share premium, as against the previous use of shareholders’ funds.
While most banks have shareholders’ funds in excess of the new minimum capital base, their share premium and share capital significantly fall short of the new minimum definition. The CBN had in March 2024 released its circular on review of minimum capital requirement for commercial, merchant and non-interest banks. The apex bank increased the new minimum capital for commercial banks with international affiliations, otherwise known as mega banks, to N500 billion; commercial banks with national authorisation, N200 billion and commercial banks with regional license, N50 billion. Others included merchant banks, N50 billion; non-interest banks with national license, N20 billion and non-interest banks with regional license will now have N10 billion minimum capital. The 24-month timeline for compliance ends on March 31, 2026. Under the guidelines for the recapitalisation exercise, banks are expected to subject their new equity funds to capital verification before the clearance of the allotment proposal and release of the funds to the bank for onwards completion of the offer process and addition of the new capital to its capital base. The CBN is the final signatory in a tripartite capital verification committee that included the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC). The committee is saddled with scrutinising new funds being raised by banks under the ongoing banking sector recapitalisation exercise.

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