Finance
Currency weakness, economic strife weigh on African banks
After a brief respite in 2021, African banks endured another difficult year in 2022. Rising interest rates and the strength of the US dollar curtailed economic growth across the continent, while South Africa, Nigeria and Egypt, home to 14 of the 25 largest African lenders in The Banker’s Top 1000 World Banks 2023 ranking – all face mounting economic challenges. Local currency weakness acted as a brake on growth and profits for banks across the continent. While this year’s 25 largest African lenders have registered a 5.6% rise in their pre-tax profits, their aggregate Tier 1 capital has contracted by the same amount.
Top 25 banks in Africa
| Regional rank | World rank | Bank | Country | Tier 1 capital ($m) |
| 1 | 155 | Standard Bank Group | South Africa | 11,690 |
| 2 | 171 | FirstRand | South Africa | 10,087 |
| 3 | 203 | Absa Group | South Africa | 8041 |
| 4 | 255 | Nedbank Group | South Africa | 5925 |
| 5 | 297 | Afreximbank | Egypt | 4982 |
| 6 | 306 | Attijariwafa Bank | Morocco | 4847 |
| 7 | 324 | Groupe Banques Populaire | Morocco | 4389 |
| 8 | 457 | Bank of Africa | Morocco | 2600 |
| 9 | 460 | CIB Egypt | Egypt | 2568 |
| 10 | 467 | Zenith Bank | Nigeria | 2539 |
South Africa’s big four held firm in 2022, reporting largely unchanged Tier 1 capital positions even as the rand slipped lower throughout the year and gross domestic product growth slowed to 2% amid increased problems with the country’s electricity network. Standard Bank, which remains the continent’s largest lender by Tier 1 capital and assets, recorded the best pre-tax profit gain among its larger peers, with second-placed FirstRand leading the way in terms of return on assets.
Egyptian Banks, the continent’s main engine of Tier 1 capital growth for the previous five years, suffered a sharp reverse in 2022, with an acute economic crisis prompting the Egyptian pound to lose more than a third of its value during the year, with the currency weakening further into 2023.
While CIB Egypt, the country’s largest private lender, recorded a slight increase in Tier 1 capital in local currency terms in 2022, when converted to dollars it decreased by 36.2%, one of the biggest falls in 2023’s overall rankings. National Bank of Egypt and Banque Misr, the country’s largest banks, had yet to publish or provide end-of-year data for 2022 at time of writing, and are therefore not included in this year’s Top 1000 ranking, having changed their reporting cycle from end of June to end of December.
Highest movers in Africa
| Regional rank | World rank | Bank | Country | Tier 1 capital (% ch.) | Tier 1 capital ($m) |
| 1 | 297 | Afreximbank | Egypt | 26.92 | 4982 |
| 2 | 875 | Banco de Fomento Angola (BFA) | Angola | 24.71 | 804 |
| 3 | 859 | Banco Angolano de Investimentos | Angola | 19.97 | 847 |
| 4 | 668 | Equity Bank | Kenya | 19.79 | 1437 |
| 5 | 925 | Credit Immobilier et Hotelier (CIH) | Morocco | 17.30 | 699 |
| 6 | 645 | United Bank for Africa | Nigeria | 13.35 | 1520 |
| 7 | 965 | Banque Internationale Arabe de Tunisie | Tunisia | 7.64 | 616 |
| 8 | 889 | Cooperative Bank of Kenya | Kenya | 6.31 | 753 |
| 9 | 940 | NCBA | Kenya | 5.63 | 662 |
| 10 | 676 | KCB Group | Kenya | 1.89 | 1408 |
Lenders in Morocco were also affected by a 12% fall in the value of the dirham during 2022. Attijariwafa, the country’s largest bank, saw its Tier 1 capital and asset base drop by 5.8%, but posted a 6.7% rise in profits in 2022.
Africa’s biggest winner in this year’s ranking is development finance lender Afreximbank, whose Tier 1 capital base grew by 26.9% in 2022, seeing it rise 78 positions to 297th place in the overall rankings. The Cairo-based bank announced a capital raising programme in late 2021, which had generated $1.3bn of new capital by the end of 2022.
Nigeria Banks had a mixed year in 2022; the country’s two largest, Zenith Bank and Access Bank, both saw their Tier 1 capital positions drop by around 8% and their pre-tax profits in dollar terms fall 9.2% and 13.8%, respectively. Fourth-placed United Bank for Africa was the best performer of the country’s largest banks in this year’s rankings, recording a 13.4% rise in Tier 1 capital and a 17.3% rise in pre-tax profits.
Angolan lenders, meanwhile, caught a break in 2022, as the kwanza strengthened against the dollar thanks to higher oil exports, resulting in the country’s three largest banks moving into the continent’s top 25. Third-largest lender Banco de Fomento Angola is the country’s biggest success story, rising 76 places to 875th in the overall rankings, second only to Afreximbank for percentage growth in Tier 1 capital on the continent.
Top five by return on capital in Africa
| Regional rank | World rank | Bank | Country | Return on capital (%) |
| 1 | 875 | Banco de Fomento Angola (BFA) | Angola | 34.70 |
| 2 | 562 | Capitec Bank Holdings | South Africa | 27.70 |
| 3 | 668 | Equity Bank | Kenya | 26.00 |
| 4 | 921 | Faisal Islamic Bank of Egypt | Egypt | 25.71 |
| 5 | 460 | CIB Egypt | Egypt | 25.51 |
Finance
Afreximbank successfully closed its second Samurai Bond transactions, raising JPY 81.8bn or $527m
African Export-Import Bank said it has successfully closed its second Samurai bond transaction, securing a total of JPY 81.8 billion (approx. USD 527 million) through Regular and Retail Samurai Bonds offerings.
The execution surpasses the Bank’s 2024 debut issuance size, attracting orders from more than 100 institutional and retail investors, marking a renewed demonstration of strong Japanese investor confidence in the Bank’s credit and its growing presence in the yen capital markets.
On 18 November, Afreximbank priced a JPY 45.8 billion 3-year tranche in the Regular Samurai market following a comprehensive sequence of investor engagement activities leveraging Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD9), including Non-Deal Roadshows (NDRs) in Tokyo, Kanazawa, Kyoto, Shiga and Osaka, a Global Investor Call, and a two-day soft-sounding process which tested investor appetite across 2.5-, 3-, 5-, 7-, and 10-year maturities.
With market expectations of a Bank of Japan interest rate increase, investor demand concentrated in shorter tenors, resulting in a focused 3-year tranche during official marketing.
The tranche attracted strong participation from asset managers (22.3%), life insurers (15.3%), regional corporates, and high-net-worth investors (39.7%).
Concurrently, Afreximbank priced its second Retail Samurai bond on 18 November, a JPY 36.0 billion 3-year tranche, more than double the inaugural JPY 14.1 billion Retail Samurai issuance completed in November 2024.
The 2025 Retail Samurai bond also marks the first Retail Samurai bond issued in Japan in 2025.
Following the amendment to Afreximbank’s shelf registration on 7 November 2025, SMBC Nikko conducted an extensive seven-business-day demand survey through its nationwide branch network, followed by a six-business-day bond offering period.
The offering benefited from strong visibility supported by Afreximbank’s investor engagement across the country, including the Bank’s participation at TICAD9, where Afreximbank hosted the Africa Finance Seminar to introduce Multinational Development Bank’s mandate in Africa and its credit profile to key Japanese institutional investors.
MBC Nikko Securities Inc. acted as Sole Lead Manager and Bookrunner for both the Regular and Retail Samurai transactions. Chandi Mwenebungu, Afreximbank’s Managing Director, Treasury & Markets and Group Treasurer, commented:
“We are pleased with the successful completion of our second Samurai bond transactions, which marked a significant increase from our inaugural Retail Samurai bond in 2024, and which reflect the growing depth of our relationship with Japanese investors.
The strong demand, both in the Regular and Retail offerings, demonstrates sustained confidence in Afreximbank’s credit and mandate.
We remain committed to deepening our engagement in the Samurai market through regular investor activities and continued collaboration with our Japanese partners.”
Finance
Ecobank unveils SME bazaar: a festive marketplace for local entrepreneurs
Ecobank Nigeria, a member of Africa’s leading pan-African banking group, has announced the launch of the Ecobank SME Bazaar—a two-weekend festive marketplace designed to celebrate local creativity, empower entrepreneurs, and give Lagos residents a premium shopping experience this Detty December. The Bazaar will hold on 29–30 November and 6–7 December at the Ecobank Pan African Centre (EPAC), Ozumba Mbadiwe Road, Victoria Island, Lagos. Speaking ahead of the event, Omoboye Odu, Head of SMEs, Ecobank Nigeria, reaffirmed the bank’s commitment to supporting small and medium-sized businesses, describing them as the heartbeat of Nigeria’s economy. She explained that the Ecobank SME Bazaar was created to enhance visibility for entrepreneurs, expand market access, and support sustainable business growth.
According to her, “This isn’t just a market—it’s a vibrant hub of culture, commerce, and connection. From fresh farm produce to trendy fashion, handcrafted pieces, lifestyle products, and delicious food and drinks, the Ecobank SME Bazaar promises an unforgettable experience for both shoppers and participating SMEs. Whether you’re shopping for festive gifts, hunting for unique finds, or soaking in the Detty December energy, this is the place to be.” Ms. Odu added that participating businesses will enjoy increased brand exposure, deeper customer engagement, and meaningful networking opportunities—making the Bazaar a strong platform for both festive-season sales and long-term business growth. The event is powered by Ecobank in partnership with TKD Farms, Eko Marche, Leyyow, and other SME-focused organisations committed to building sustainable enterprises.
Finance
16 banks have recapitalised before deadline—CBN
The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has said that16 banks have so far met the new capital requirements for their various licences, some four months before the March 31, 2026 deadline. The apex bank also indicated that 27 other banks have raised capital through various methods in one of the most extensive financial sector reforms since 2004. Addressing journalists at the end of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting in Abuja, CBN Governor Mr Olayemi Cardoso said the banking recapitalisation was going on orderly, consistent with the regulator’s expectations. He said, “We are monitoring developments, and indications show the process is moving in the right direction.” Nigeria has 44 deposit-taking banks, including seven commercial banks with international authorisation, 15 with national authorisation, four with regional authorisation, four non-interest banks, six merchant banks, seven financial holding companies and one representative office.
Cardoso explained that eight commercial banks had met the N500 billion capital requirement as of July 22, 2024, rising to 14 by September of the same year. The number has now increased to 16 as the industry continues to race toward full compliance. He said that the reforms would reinforce the resilience of Nigerian banks both within the country and across the continent. “We are building a financial system that will be fit for purpose for the years ahead. Many Nigerian banks now operate across Africa and have been innovative across different markets. These new buffers will better equip them to manage risks in the multiple jurisdictions where they operate,” Cardoso said. According to him, the reforms would strengthen the financial sector’s capability to support households and businesses. He said, “Ultimately, this benefits Nigerians—our traders, our businesses and our citizens—who operate across those regions. “It should give everyone comfort to know that Nigerian banks with deep local understanding are present to support them. Commercial banks are also creating their own buffers through the ongoing recapitalisation.”
He added that the apex bank considered several factors in determining the new capital thresholds, including prevailing macroeconomic conditions, stress test results and the need for stronger risk buffers. He reassured on the regulator’s commitment to strict oversight as the consolidation progresses. “We will rigorously enforce our ‘fit and proper’ criteria for prospective new shareholders, senior management, and board members of banks, and proactively monitor the integrity of financial statements, adequacy of financial resources, and fair valuation of banks’ post-merger balance sheets,” Cardoso said. He said the CBN remained confident that the banking system would emerge stronger at the conclusion of the recapitalization exercise, with institutions better prepared to support Nigeria’s economic transformation Banks have up till March 31, 2026 to beef up their minimum capital base to the new standard set by the apex bank. Under the new minimum capital base, CBN uses a distinctive definition of the new minimum capital base for each category of banks as the addition of share capital and share premium, as against the previous use of shareholders’ funds.
While most banks have shareholders’ funds in excess of the new minimum capital base, their share premium and share capital significantly fall short of the new minimum definition. The CBN had in March 2024 released its circular on review of minimum capital requirement for commercial, merchant and non-interest banks. The apex bank increased the new minimum capital for commercial banks with international affiliations, otherwise known as mega banks, to N500 billion; commercial banks with national authorisation, N200 billion and commercial banks with regional license, N50 billion. Others included merchant banks, N50 billion; non-interest banks with national license, N20 billion and non-interest banks with regional license will now have N10 billion minimum capital. The 24-month timeline for compliance ends on March 31, 2026. Under the guidelines for the recapitalisation exercise, banks are expected to subject their new equity funds to capital verification before the clearance of the allotment proposal and release of the funds to the bank for onwards completion of the offer process and addition of the new capital to its capital base. The CBN is the final signatory in a tripartite capital verification committee that included the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC). The committee is saddled with scrutinising new funds being raised by banks under the ongoing banking sector recapitalisation exercise.
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