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Capital flight takes toll on the naira as $13.894bn flow out in 8 weeks, – naira exchange 145 to $ in open market

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By Omoh Gabriel, Business Editor
The Nigeria economy is facing financial haemorrhage as Nigerians, corporate bodies are moving funds massively out of the country as well as from naira to dollar. In the last eight weeks a total of $13.894billion went out of the country. While about $757million went out in the week of ending 9th September, the amount of foreign exchange flowing out of the country rose to $1.359billion for the week ending 19th September. It however dropped to $452million on the 3rd of October and moved astronomically to $3.290billion on 17th October. The foreign exchange outflow went further up to $3.356billion on the 31st of October and decline a little to $2.397billion on the 14th of November and $2.02billion and $1.262billion for the weeks ending 21st of November and 28th respectively. This has resulted in the crash of the naira exchange rate which had remain stable in the last two years. But the CBN has attributed the collapse of the naira at the interbank to currency speculators who buy and hold currency for them to sell at a future date to make some gain. The movement of funds out of the country comes by way of Nigeria residents buying up dollars with their naira and moving it off shore.
The trend became noticeable in October where in fact in a matter of weeks several billion of dollars were purchased through the banks, bureau de change. The movement of funds is also in travels- business travel allowance, personal travel allowance, direct remittances etc. According to data obtained from CBN in the eight weeks the total amount of foreign exchange that went out through travels amounted to $72.067million, Debt service/payment $799.194million, Whole sale at the Dutch Auction market $6.276billion, Direct remittance $851.809million, letters of credit $3.205billion and cash sales to banks and bureau de change $3.170billion
Market operators are also seeing it from the perspective that the reduction of credit line to Nigeria banks by their foreign counterparts as a result of the global financial melt down is partly responsible for the high volume of funds leaving the country as the usual 90 days trade credit line has dried up in some banks who have had to meet the needs of their customers through direct sales. The CBN said Wednesday that it will intervened in the matter on Thursday. The central bank said it sold $180 million on the interbank foreign exchange market on Thursday in a bid to stabilise the naira after it fell sharply against the U.S. dollar. According to a CBN source “We went to the market and we sold about $180 million on a two-way quote,” At the open market on Thursday however the naira exchanged for 126 at the official market, 135 interbank market and 145 at the open market to the dollar.
Nigeria expects its budget deficit to widen to 6.1 percent of GDP this year, more than double the level set under a fiscal responsibility act three years ago, as government spending rises ahead of elections next April.
Revenue shortfalls from the oil and gas sector, unexpected wage increases, and election costs will contribute to the widening deficit, Finance Minister Olusegun Aganga said in an annual briefing on sub-Saharan Africa’s second biggest economy.
Government revenue is projected at 3.18 trillion naira ($20 billion) with expenditure expected to be 5.16 trillion, Aganga said in the review, released on Monday.
Analysts have expressed concern about the state of public finances in Africa’s most populous nation as presidential, parliamentary and state governorship elections approach.
Recurring expenditure accounts for more than half of the country’s overall spending, meaning it is paying more to keep government running than it is investing in badly-needed infrastructure and other capital projects.
Government borrowing has risen sharply, increasing by more than 50 percent since the start of the year, compared to private sector credit growth of just three percent over the same period.
The government has said it will also issue bonds to pay workers at former state telecoms company Nitel and to fund part of the electoral commission’s budget, further increasing domestic debt.
Still, the head of the debt management office has pointed to a debt-to-GDP ratio of 16 percent that is expected to remain stable next year, depending on the rate of economic growth, suggesting Nigeria could easily raise more debt if needed.
But authorities have also spent billions of dollars of oil savings since the start of the year alone, and seen foreign exchange reserves fall 20 percent year on year by mid-November to $34 billion.
Ratings agency Fitch last month cited those factors when it cut its sovereign credit outlook for Nigeria to negative from stable.
The excess crude account (ECA), into which Nigeria saves revenues above a benchmark oil price, has dwindled from $20 billion at the start of late President Umaru Yar’Adua’s term in 2007, to around $4.4 billion when President Goodluck Jonathan took over in May, and less than $1 billion now.
The government says the ECA has served its purpose as an account to be used to protect Nigeria against a fall in commodities prices or a global downturn.
But analysts say the reduction is alarmingly sharp during a period of relatively high oil prices — Thursday’s price of $85 a barrel is a 40 percent premium on the $60 assumption in the 2010 budget — and a recovery in Nigerian oil production. Aganga said last week Nigeria’s foreign reserves were well below where they ought to be and that a plan was in place to restore them.
He has also said spending for next year will be capped at 4.56 trillion naira ($30 billion) as the government seeks to rein in expenditure over the next three years. Parliament approved spending of more than 4.8 trillion naira for 2010, up more than 50 percent on the previous year.

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Afreximbank successfully closed its second Samurai Bond transactions, raising JPY 81.8bn or $527m

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African Export-Import Bank said it has successfully closed its second Samurai bond transaction, securing a total of JPY 81.8 billion (approx. USD 527 million) through Regular and Retail Samurai Bonds offerings.

The execution surpasses the Bank’s 2024 debut issuance size, attracting orders from more than 100 institutional and retail investors, marking a renewed demonstration of strong Japanese investor confidence in the Bank’s credit and its growing presence in the yen capital markets.

On 18 November, Afreximbank priced a JPY 45.8 billion 3-year tranche in the Regular Samurai market following a comprehensive sequence of investor engagement activities leveraging Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD9), including Non-Deal Roadshows (NDRs) in Tokyo, Kanazawa, Kyoto, Shiga and Osaka, a Global Investor Call, and a two-day soft-sounding process which tested investor appetite across 2.5-, 3-, 5-, 7-, and 10-year maturities.

With market expectations of a Bank of Japan interest rate increase, investor demand concentrated in shorter tenors, resulting in a focused 3-year tranche during official marketing.

The tranche attracted strong participation from asset managers (22.3%), life insurers (15.3%), regional corporates, and high-net-worth investors (39.7%).

Concurrently, Afreximbank priced its second Retail Samurai bond on 18 November, a JPY 36.0 billion 3-year tranche, more than double the inaugural JPY 14.1 billion Retail Samurai issuance completed in November 2024.

The 2025 Retail Samurai bond also marks the first Retail Samurai bond issued in Japan in 2025.

Following the amendment to Afreximbank’s shelf registration on 7 November 2025, SMBC Nikko conducted an extensive seven-business-day demand survey through its nationwide branch network, followed by a six-business-day bond offering period.

The offering benefited from strong visibility supported by Afreximbank’s investor engagement across the country, including the Bank’s participation at TICAD9, where Afreximbank hosted the Africa Finance Seminar to introduce Multinational Development Bank’s mandate in Africa and its credit profile to key Japanese institutional investors.

MBC Nikko Securities Inc. acted as Sole Lead Manager and Bookrunner for both the Regular and Retail Samurai transactions. Chandi Mwenebungu, Afreximbank’s Managing Director, Treasury & Markets and Group Treasurer, commented:

“We are pleased with the successful completion of our second Samurai bond transactions, which marked a significant increase from our inaugural Retail Samurai bond in 2024, and which reflect the growing depth of our relationship with Japanese investors.

The strong demand, both in the Regular and Retail offerings, demonstrates sustained confidence in Afreximbank’s credit and mandate.

We remain committed to deepening our engagement in the Samurai market through regular investor activities and continued collaboration with our Japanese partners.”

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Ecobank unveils SME bazaar: a festive marketplace for local entrepreneurs

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Ecobank Nigeria, a member of Africa’s leading pan-African banking group, has announced the launch of the Ecobank SME Bazaar—a two-weekend festive marketplace designed to celebrate local creativity, empower entrepreneurs, and give Lagos residents a premium shopping experience this Detty December. The Bazaar will hold on 29–30 November and 6–7 December at the Ecobank Pan African Centre (EPAC), Ozumba Mbadiwe Road, Victoria Island, Lagos. Speaking ahead of the event, Omoboye Odu, Head of SMEs, Ecobank Nigeria, reaffirmed the bank’s commitment to supporting small and medium-sized businesses, describing them as the heartbeat of Nigeria’s economy. She explained that the Ecobank SME Bazaar was created to enhance visibility for entrepreneurs, expand market access, and support sustainable business growth.
According to her, “This isn’t just a market—it’s a vibrant hub of culture, commerce, and connection. From fresh farm produce to trendy fashion, handcrafted pieces, lifestyle products, and delicious food and drinks, the Ecobank SME Bazaar promises an unforgettable experience for both shoppers and participating SMEs. Whether you’re shopping for festive gifts, hunting for unique finds, or soaking in the Detty December energy, this is the place to be.” Ms. Odu added that participating businesses will enjoy increased brand exposure, deeper customer engagement, and meaningful networking opportunities—making the Bazaar a strong platform for both festive-season sales and long-term business growth. The event is powered by Ecobank in partnership with TKD Farms, Eko Marche, Leyyow, and other SME-focused organisations committed to building sustainable enterprises.

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16 banks have recapitalised before deadline—CBN

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The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has said that16 banks have so far met the new capital requirements for their various licences, some four months before the March 31, 2026 deadline. The apex bank also indicated that 27 other banks have raised capital through various methods in one of the most extensive financial sector reforms since 2004. Addressing journalists at the end of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting in Abuja, CBN Governor Mr Olayemi Cardoso said the banking recapitalisation was going on orderly, consistent with the regulator’s expectations. He said, “We are monitoring developments, and indications show the process is moving in the right direction.” Nigeria has 44 deposit-taking banks, including seven commercial banks with international authorisation, 15 with national authorisation, four with regional authorisation, four non-interest banks, six merchant banks, seven financial holding companies and one representative office.
Cardoso explained that eight commercial banks had met the N500 billion capital requirement as of July 22, 2024, rising to 14 by September of the same year. The number has now increased to 16 as the industry continues to race toward full compliance. He said that the reforms would reinforce the resilience of Nigerian banks both within the country and across the continent. “We are building a financial system that will be fit for purpose for the years ahead. Many Nigerian banks now operate across Africa and have been innovative across different markets. These new buffers will better equip them to manage risks in the multiple jurisdictions where they operate,” Cardoso said. According to him, the reforms would strengthen the financial sector’s capability to support households and businesses. He said, “Ultimately, this benefits Nigerians—our traders, our businesses and our citizens—who operate across those regions. “It should give everyone comfort to know that Nigerian banks with deep local understanding are present to support them. Commercial banks are also creating their own buffers through the ongoing recapitalisation.”
He added that the apex bank considered several factors in determining the new capital thresholds, including prevailing macroeconomic conditions, stress test results and the need for stronger risk buffers. He reassured on the regulator’s commitment to strict oversight as the consolidation progresses. “We will rigorously enforce our ‘fit and proper’ criteria for prospective new shareholders, senior management, and board members of banks, and proactively monitor the integrity of financial statements, adequacy of financial resources, and fair valuation of banks’ post-merger balance sheets,” Cardoso said. He said the CBN remained confident that the banking system would emerge stronger at the conclusion of the recapitalization exercise, with institutions better prepared to support Nigeria’s economic transformation Banks have up till March 31, 2026 to beef up their minimum capital base to the new standard set by the apex bank. Under the new minimum capital base, CBN uses a distinctive definition of the new minimum capital base for each category of banks as the addition of share capital and share premium, as against the previous use of shareholders’ funds.
While most banks have shareholders’ funds in excess of the new minimum capital base, their share premium and share capital significantly fall short of the new minimum definition. The CBN had in March 2024 released its circular on review of minimum capital requirement for commercial, merchant and non-interest banks. The apex bank increased the new minimum capital for commercial banks with international affiliations, otherwise known as mega banks, to N500 billion; commercial banks with national authorisation, N200 billion and commercial banks with regional license, N50 billion. Others included merchant banks, N50 billion; non-interest banks with national license, N20 billion and non-interest banks with regional license will now have N10 billion minimum capital. The 24-month timeline for compliance ends on March 31, 2026. Under the guidelines for the recapitalisation exercise, banks are expected to subject their new equity funds to capital verification before the clearance of the allotment proposal and release of the funds to the bank for onwards completion of the offer process and addition of the new capital to its capital base. The CBN is the final signatory in a tripartite capital verification committee that included the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC). The committee is saddled with scrutinising new funds being raised by banks under the ongoing banking sector recapitalisation exercise.

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